{"id":17373,"date":"2014-11-20T14:21:49","date_gmt":"2014-11-20T10:21:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zerdab.com\/?p=17373"},"modified":"2014-11-20T14:21:49","modified_gmt":"2014-11-20T10:21:49","slug":"d%c9%99rs-ilinin-uzadilmasi-xeyird%c9%99n-cox-z%c9%99r%c9%99r-ver%c9%99c%c9%99k","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zerdab.com\/?p=17373","title":{"rendered":"D\u0259rs ilinin uzad\u0131lmas\u0131, xeyird\u0259n \u00e7ox, z\u0259r\u0259r ver\u0259c\u0259k"},"content":{"rendered":"<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td id=\"newsSpot\" colspan=\"2\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.zerdab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/kitab.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-17374\" alt=\"kitab\" src=\"http:\/\/www.zerdab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/kitab-550x274.png\" width=\"550\" height=\"274\" \/><\/a>Yax\u0131n ke\u00e7mi\u015f\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi, Az\u0259rbaycanda da d\u0259rsl\u0259r sentyabr\u0131n 1-d\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131rd\u0131. H\u0259min g\u00fcn biz\u0259 el\u0259 g\u0259lirdi ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. Yeni f\u0259slin ba\u015flanmas\u0131 yeni d\u0259rs ilinin ba\u015flanmas\u0131 il\u0259 nec\u0259 d\u0259 h\u0259mah\u0259ng idi! Sentyabr\u0131n ilk g\u00fcnl\u0259rind\u0259n pay\u0131z\u0131n s\u0259rinliyi hiss olunur, g\u00fcnl\u0259r ke\u00e7dikc\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259r d\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b h\u0259yat\u0131na uy\u011funla\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu uy\u011funla\u015fma sentyabr\u0131n ortas\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r davam edirdi.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td id=\"newsText\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">\u00a0\u201cSentyabr\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc lat\u0131nca \u201cseptum\u201d &#8211; yeddi dem\u0259kdir. Yeddi bir \u00e7ox m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 u\u011furlu r\u0259q\u0259m hesab olunur. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, g\u00f6y\u00fcn yeddi t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259si, h\u0259ft\u0259nin g\u00fcnl\u0259ri, s\u0259sl\u0259r, r\u0259ngl\u0259r v\u0259 s. d\u0259 yeddi il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dard\u0131r. Sentyabr h\u0259m d\u0259 pay\u0131z f\u0259slinin birinci ay\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lin yeddinci ay\u0131 olsa da, \u201csentyabr\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u0259zmununda m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259slik, \u201cba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u201d m\u0259nas\u0131 duyulur.<\/p>\n<p>Bir fakt\u0131 da qeyd etm\u0259k ist\u0259rdim ki, yeniliy\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q olmaq z\u0259man\u0259mizin t\u0259l\u0259bidir. Lakin h\u0259r yenilik, h\u0259m d\u0259 ill\u0259rin s\u0131naqlar\u0131ndan ke\u00e7ib g\u0259l\u0259n bir k\u00f6hn\u0259liyin \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259n x\u0259tt \u00e7\u0259km\u0259k dem\u0259kdir. B\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri yeniliy\u0259 qurban verm\u0259k d\u0259 insafdan deyil. D\u0259rsl\u0259rin sentyabr ay\u0131n\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259 ba\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259dim tarixi var. Bu \u0259n\u0259n\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00e7ex pedaqoqu Yan Amos Komenskid\u0259n (1592-1670)\u00a0 ba\u015flan\u0131r. \u018fvv\u0259lc\u0259, Komenskinin kim oldu\u011funa q\u0131sa bir n\u0259z\u0259r salaq, sonra s\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u0259 davam ed\u0259rik.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ex pedaqoqu Yan Amos Komenski d\u00fcnya pedaqoji fikrinin v\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b sisteminin inki\u015faf\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. Leybnitsin fikrinc\u0259, Komenskinin pedaqoji elmin inki\u015faf\u0131nda xidm\u0259tl\u0259rini Dekart v\u0259 Bekonun f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259nin, Kopernikin d\u0259 astronomiyan\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131nda g\u00f6st\u0259rdikl\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 etm\u0259k olar.<\/p>\n<p>Komenski h\u0259m d\u0259 didaktika elmin\u0259 g\u0259tirdiyi yenilikl\u0259rl\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhurdur. D\u0259rs ili, onun r\u00fcbl\u0259r\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259si, sinif d\u0259rs sistemi, \u015fagird biliyinin qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si v\u0259 qeyd\u0259 al\u0131nmas\u0131, d\u0259rs g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fcdd\u0259ti, ibtidai t\u0259hsilin alt\u0131 ya\u015fdan ba\u015flanmas\u0131 v\u0259 s. kimi bu g\u00fcn d\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini saxlayan yenilikl\u0259r g\u00f6rk\u0259mli pedaqoqun ad\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Komenski t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f t\u0259rbiy\u0259nin t\u0259bi\u0259t\u0259 uy\u011funlu\u011fu ideyas\u0131 sonralar b\u00f6y\u00fck pedaqoji n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r Russo, Pestalotsi, Disterverq v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da x\u00fcsusi yer tutmu\u015fdur. Komenski qeyd edirdi ki, insan t\u0259bi\u0259tin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r v\u0259 o, bitkil\u0259r, heyvanlar al\u0259mind\u0259 c\u0259r\u0259yan ed\u0259n \u00fcmumi qanunlarla f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Komenskiy\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, \u201cm\u0259kt\u0259bin d\u0259qiq qurulu\u015funu t\u0259bi\u0259td\u0259n \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r\u201d. Onun \u201cReal al\u0259m \u015f\u0259kill\u0259rd\u0259\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 150 il d\u0259rs v\u0259sairi kimi istifad\u0259 olunub. B\u00f6y\u00fck alman \u015fairi H\u00f6te d\u0259rs ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0259min kitab\u0131 \u201cn\u00fcmun\u0259vi kitab\u201d adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Y. A. Komenski t\u0259rbiy\u0259nin roluna \u00e7ox y\u00fcks\u0259k qitym\u0259t ver\u0259r\u0259k deyirdi ki, t\u0259rbiy\u0259nin g\u00fcc\u00fc il\u0259 ist\u0259nil\u0259n u\u015faqdan insan yaratmaq olar.<\/p>\n<p>Y. A. Komenski elmd\u0259 \u0259yaniliyi \u00e7ox y\u00fcks\u0259k d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirirdi. Didaktikan\u0131n \u201cq\u0131z\u0131l qaydas\u0131\u201d adlanan bu n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, hissl\u0259rl\u0259 d\u0259rk olunan h\u0259r \u015feyi hissl\u0259r\u0259, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259ni g\u00f6zl\u0259r\u0259, e\u015fidil\u0259ni qulaqlara, qoxunu buruna, dad\u0131 dama\u011fa h\u0259val\u0259 etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r. \u018fg\u0259r bu v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r t\u0259lim material\u0131n\u0131 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 \u00fczv\u00fcn i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 d\u0259rk etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcrs\u0259, buna da imkan yarad\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>D\u0259rs ilinin d\u00fcnyada m\u00fcxt\u0259lif vaxtlarda ba\u015flanmas\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin hava, iqlim, f\u0259sil v\u0259 ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Lakin \u0259ks\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259, C\u0259nub Yar\u0131mk\u00fcr\u0259si istisna, d\u0259rsl\u0259r sentyabr\u0131n 1-d\u0259 ba\u015flan\u0131r. Yax\u0131n qon\u015fumuz Rusiya Federasiyas\u0131nda 1935-ci ild\u0259n b\u0259ri bu \u0259n\u0259n\u0259 davam edir. Estoniya, Sloveniya, \u0130taliya, \u0130rlandiya, Tayvan, S\u0259udiyy\u0259 \u018fr\u0259bistan\u0131, \u0130srail, \u00c7in, Somali, Efiopiya v\u0259 ba\u015fqa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 yeni d\u0259rs ili sentyabr\u0131n 1-d\u0259 ba\u015flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>AB\u015e-da d\u0259rsl\u0259r niy\u0259 sentyabr\u0131n 1-d\u0259 ba\u015flanm\u0131r? &#8211; Bu, h\u0259mun \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259, ad\u0259t\u0259n, sentyabr\u0131n birinci bazar ert\u0259sind\u0259 \u018fm\u0259k G\u00fcn\u00fc (Labour Day) qeyd olunmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. H\u0259min g\u00fcn n\u0259qliyyat s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131 probleml\u0259r yarad\u0131r. Bunu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq, \u00f6lk\u0259nin b\u0259zi yerl\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259rsl\u0259r avqustun ortas\u0131 v\u0259 ya sonunda ba\u015flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>D\u0259rs ilinin iki h\u0259ft\u0259 uzad\u0131lmas\u0131, m\u0259nim fikrimc\u0259, xeyird\u0259n \u00e7ox, z\u0259r\u0259r ver\u0259c\u0259k. He\u00e7 k\u0259s\u0259 sirr deyil ki, aprel ay\u0131 bit\u0259r-bitm\u0259z Az\u0259rbaycanda, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 Bak\u0131da havalar istil\u0259\u015fir. B\u0259z\u0259n 30 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259n yuxar\u0131 istil\u0259r m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur. Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u0259ks\u0259r insanlarda, daha \u015fox \u015fagirdl\u0259rd\u0259 yaz yor\u011funlu\u011fu \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Sentyabr\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq havalar soyuma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halda, iyunda temperatur getdikc\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259lir. Daha bir amil d\u0259 yuxar\u0131da qeyd etdiyimiz \u201cuy\u011funla\u015fma\u201d d\u00f6vr\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u015eagird v\u0259 pedaqoji kollektivin tam s\u0259f\u0259rb\u0259r olmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n az\u0131 iki h\u0259ft\u0259 laz\u0131m g\u0259lir. Bu o dem\u0259kdir ki, yeni d\u0259rs ilind\u0259 sentyabr ay\u0131 yoxdur.<\/p>\n<p>Zehni \u0259m\u0259yin yorucu olmas\u0131n\u0131 da bunun \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 ets\u0259k, iyun ay\u0131nda ke\u00e7il\u0259n d\u0259rsin s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259liliyi haqq\u0131nda hans\u0131 m\u00fcsb\u0259t r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259rl\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fmaq olar? Bunun yerin\u0259, d\u0259rs ilimizi on ill\u0259r boyunca oldu\u011fu kimi, sentyabr\u0131n 1-d\u0259 ba\u015flasaq, daha faydal\u0131 olar. Bu, h\u0259m \u015fagirdl\u0259rimizin s\u0259hh\u0259ti, bilikl\u0259r\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259si, h\u0259m d\u0259 yax\u0131n-uzaq \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 uy\u011funluq bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tlidir.<\/p>\n<p>\u018fg\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycanda d\u0259rs ilinin uzad\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131rf t\u0259drisin y\u00fcks\u0259ldilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 t\u0259tbiq olunursa, bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259m \u00f6z\u00a0 pedaqoqlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n, h\u0259m d\u0259 d\u00fcnya t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sinin potensial\u0131ndan b\u0259hr\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259k olar.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0259dris s\u0259viyy\u0259si d\u00fcnya standartlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259 olan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259rsin s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259liliyini o s\u0259viyy\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131rma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar ki, ev tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7ox ehtiyac olmas\u0131n. M\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r d\u0259rsi d\u0259rsd\u0259 el\u0259 m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l \u00f6yr\u0259dirl\u0259r ki, ev tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 minimuma endirir, ya da he\u00e7 ev tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 vermirl\u0259r. Bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259d\u0259, fikrimc\u0259, bizim m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rimiz daha \u00e7ox s\u0259ri\u015ft\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r, \u00e7\u00fcnki Sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u201cd\u0259rsi d\u0259rsd\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259d\u0259k\u201d prinsipi \u00e7ox aktual idi.<\/p>\n<p>Bilikl\u0259rin s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259rslikl\u0259rin d\u0259 rolu y\u00fcks\u0259kdir. D\u0259rslikl\u0259r h\u0259m \u0259lav\u0259 m\u0259lumatlarla dolu olur, h\u0259m d\u0259 dili o q\u0259d\u0259r a\u011f\u0131r, akademik s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131r ki, bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 oxunmadan ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Maddi-texniki baza da t\u0259drisin s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259liliyinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda b\u00f6y\u00fck rol oynay\u0131r. Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 il elektron l\u00f6vh\u0259 il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259diyimd\u0259n onun m\u00fc\u0259llim \u0259m\u0259yinin y\u00fcng\u00fcll\u0259\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259, biliyin intensiv \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259sind\u0259 v\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259rin mara\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaqda n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli oldu\u011fundan x\u0259b\u0259rdaram.<\/p>\n<p>Pedaqoji kadrlar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 daha ciddi amildir. T\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, s\u00f6z\u00fcn \u0259sl m\u0259nas\u0131nda, m\u00fc\u0259llim haz\u0131rlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, sad\u0259c\u0259, h\u0259min fak\u00fclt\u0259ni qazanan g\u0259ncl\u0259r\u0259 diplom verib yola salmaq kifay\u0259t deyil, onlar\u0131 \u0259n \u00e7\u0259tin bir s\u0259n\u0259tl\u0259 ya\u015fama\u011fa v\u0259 onu ya\u015fatma\u011fa pedaqoji v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l haz\u0131rlamaq laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bunlar, qeyd etdiyim kimi, m\u0259nim \u015f\u0259xsi fikirl\u0259rimdir. T\u0259vaz\u00f6karl\u0131qdan uzaq olsa da, bir ne\u00e7\u0259 fakt\u0131 \u0259lav\u0259 etm\u0259k ist\u0259rdim. Bu s\u0259tirl\u0259rin m\u00fc\u0259llifi indiki Dill\u0259r Universitetinin ilk, h\u0259m d\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nm\u0259 diplomu il\u0259 bitir\u0259r\u0259k birba\u015fa m\u00fc\u0259llim i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, bu g\u00fcn d\u0259 qulaqlar\u0131nda pedaqoji elmin sirl\u0259rini \u00f6yr\u0259ndiyi karifey pedaqoqlar\u0131n s\u0259sl\u0259rini duyan, bu m\u0259suliyy\u0259t y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc l\u0259yaq\u0259tl\u0259 da\u015f\u0131ma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r nail oldu\u011funu birc\u0259 Allah\u0131n bildiyi birinci m\u0259zunlar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>\n<p>RAHIB ALPANLI, www.zaman.az<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yax\u0131n ke\u00e7mi\u015f\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi, Az\u0259rbaycanda da d\u0259rsl\u0259r sentyabr\u0131n 1-d\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131rd\u0131. H\u0259min g\u00fcn biz\u0259 el\u0259 g\u0259lirdi ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. Yeni f\u0259slin ba\u015flanmas\u0131 yeni d\u0259rs ilinin ba\u015flanmas\u0131 il\u0259 nec\u0259 d\u0259 h\u0259mah\u0259ng idi! Sentyabr\u0131n ilk g\u00fcnl\u0259rind\u0259n pay\u0131z\u0131n s\u0259rinliyi hiss olunur, g\u00fcnl\u0259r ke\u00e7dikc\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259r d\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b h\u0259yat\u0131na uy\u011funla\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu uy\u011funla\u015fma sentyabr\u0131n ortas\u0131na [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-17373","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-knd"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>D\u0259rs ilinin uzad\u0131lmas\u0131, xeyird\u0259n \u00e7ox, z\u0259r\u0259r ver\u0259c\u0259k - Z\u0259rdab.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zerdab.com\/?p=17373\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"az_AZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u0259rs ilinin uzad\u0131lmas\u0131, xeyird\u0259n \u00e7ox, z\u0259r\u0259r ver\u0259c\u0259k - Z\u0259rdab.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Yax\u0131n ke\u00e7mi\u015f\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi, Az\u0259rbaycanda da d\u0259rsl\u0259r sentyabr\u0131n 1-d\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131rd\u0131. 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