{"id":23202,"date":"2016-07-30T11:10:05","date_gmt":"2016-07-30T07:10:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zerdab.com\/?p=23202"},"modified":"2016-07-30T11:10:56","modified_gmt":"2016-07-30T07:10:56","slug":"z%c9%99rdabi-d%c9%99-butun-varligi-il%c9%99-bu-mubariz%c9%99nin-icind%c9%99-idi-isigi-t%c9%99msil-edirdi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zerdab.com\/?p=23202","title":{"rendered":"Z\u0259rdabi b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259nin i\u00e7ind\u0259 idi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 tarixind\u0259\u00a0XIX \u0259sr b\u00f6y\u00fck ir\u0259lil\u0259yi\u015fl\u0259r, t\u0259r\u0259qqil\u0259r \u0259sri kimi xat\u0131rlan\u0131r v\u0259 bu g\u00fcn-XXI \u0259srd\u0259 ke\u00e7ib g\u0259ldiyimiz tarixi yolu i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131rark\u0259n, \u0259d\u0259bi-m\u0259d\u0259ni inki\u015faf\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 XIX \u0259srin silinm\u0259z izl\u0259rini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fck.
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\n\u018fvv\u0259la, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn tarixi taleyi h\u0259ll olunurdu: “Bir yandan Rusiya, bir yandan \u0130ran” \u0259srl\u0259r boyu ya\u011fl\u0131 tik\u0259 kimi g\u00f6z tikdikl\u0259ri bir m\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259ti\u00a0 n\u0259hay\u0259t, “b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u0259” bildil\u0259r. Amans\u0131z T\u00fcrkm\u0259n\u00e7ay v\u0259 G\u00fcl\u00fcstan m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n sonra Az\u0259rbaycan ikiy\u0259 par\u00e7aland\u0131: “H\u00f6km\u00fc g\u00f6r n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fckm\u00fc\u015f an\u0131n, M\u00f6h\u00fcr d\u0259 basd\u0131lar vara\u011fa t\u0259krar. Yox, vara\u011f\u0131n deyil, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n, K\u00f6ks\u00fcn\u0259 da\u011f boyda da\u011f basd\u0131 onlar” (B.Vahabzad\u0259). Amma bir xalq v\u0259 mill\u0259t kimi Az\u0259rbaycan \u00f6z milli-m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rini itirm\u0259di, onu istila ed\u0259n imperiyan\u0131n maddi, iqtisadi, sosial z\u00fclm\u00fcn\u0259 tab g\u0259tir\u0259-g\u0259tir\u0259 qaranl\u0131qlar i\u00e7ind\u0259 \u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc i\u015f\u0131\u011fa tutdu. Bu i\u015f\u0131q onun g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yi idi. Bu i\u015f\u0131q Bak\u0131xanovun, Mirz\u0259 \u015e\u0259finin, Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259linin, Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvaninin, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin,\u00a0 Mirz\u0259 Kaz\u0131m b\u0259yin,V\u0259zirovun v\u0259 \u00fcmum\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n elm, maarif, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t yan\u011f\u0131s\u0131ndan, d\u00fcnya sivilizasiyas\u0131na qo\u015fulmaq, q\u0259dim bir xalq\u0131n m\u0259n\u0259vi q\u00fcdr\u0259tini layiqinc\u0259 \u0259ks etdirm\u0259k h\u00fcn\u0259rind\u0259n do\u011fulmu\u015fdu.<\/p>\n

H\u0259r hans\u0131 bir xalq\u0131n taleyind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynayan \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259r olur v\u0259 \u0259slind\u0259, xalq\u0131n tarixini b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin tarixi kimi d\u0259 m\u0259naland\u0131rmaq olar. “H\u0259yatdan ham\u0131n\u0131 qopar\u0131r \u00f6l\u00fcm, Yaln\u0131z dahil\u0259r\u0259 toxuna bilmir… Dahil\u0259r torpa\u011fa \u00f6l\u00fc kimi yox, B\u0259lk\u0259 basd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r x\u0259zin\u0259 kimi” (X\u0259lil Rza Ulut\u00fcrk). XIX \u0259sr fikrimizc\u0259, h\u0259m d\u0259 Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259 \u0259sridir – milli m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259timizin, \u0259d\u0259bi-b\u0259dii fikrimizin yeni bir eraya, intibaha qovu\u015fdu\u011fu bir \u0259srdir. \u018fd\u0259biyyat tariximizd\u0259, ictimai-f\u0259ls\u0259fi fikrimizin inki\u015faf\u0131nda Axundzad\u0259nin rolu o q\u0259d\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fckd\u00fcr ki, bunu s\u00f6zl\u0259 ifad\u0259 etm\u0259k qeyri-m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr, “ilk” t\u0259yinl\u0259rinin (dramaturq, nasir, t\u0259nqid\u00e7i, sosioloq, ictimai xadim v\u0259 s.) bir s\u0131ras\u0131 onun misilsiz f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini \u0259ks etdirmirmi?<\/p>\n

Axundzad\u0259d\u0259n sonra onun \u0259m\u0259l v\u0259 ideyalar\u0131n\u0131 davam etdir\u0259n ikinci b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabidir – milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n v\u0259 milli teatr\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n banisi kimi onun \u00e7oxc\u0259h\u0259tli f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti, elmi, publisistik yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 haqq\u0131nda bir xeyli t\u0259dqiqat \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131b v\u0259 dey\u0259k ki, bu sah\u0259d\u0259 he\u00e7 bir bo\u015fluq n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7arpm\u0131r. Lakin h\u0259r bir b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259, insand\u0131r v\u0259 Z\u0259rdabi d\u0259 daxil olmaqla XIX \u0259sr Az\"\"\u0259rbaycan m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkirl\u0259rinin bir \u00e7oxunun\u00a0 h\u0259yat\u0131, ke\u00e7diyi \u00f6m\u00fcr yolu, m\u00fchiti, ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131 z\u0259man\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u0259dii \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin d\u0259 m\u00f6vzusu olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnki tarixd\u0259n, tarixi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n yaz\u0131lan b\u0259dii \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin oxuculara t\u0259siri daha d\u0259rindir. Nizami G\u0259nc\u0259vi, \u0130mad\u0259ddin N\u0259simi, M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d F\u00fczuli, \u015eah \u0130smay\u0131l X\u0259tai, Molla P\u0259nah Vaqif, Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259, H\u00fcseyn Cavid, Mirz\u0259 \u018fl\u0259kb\u0259r Sabir, Abbas S\u0259hh\u0259t, M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Hadi, N\u0259riman N\u0259rimanov haqq\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan b\u0259dii \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r, fikrimizc\u0259, elmi-tarixi \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 daha \u00e7ox oxunur, daha \u00e7ox yay\u0131l\u0131r – \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259zif\u0259si il\u0259 tarix\u00e7inin v\u0259zif\u0259sini eynil\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k olmaz, “\u018fg\u0259r tarix\u00e7i ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 faktlar \u0259sas\u0131nda m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n elmi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r \u00e7\u0131xarmaq yolu il\u0259 gedirs\u0259, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131\u011f\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r b\u0259dii sur\u0259td\u0259 \u0259ks etdiril\u0259n hadis\u0259l\u0259rin \u00fcmumi m\u0259ntiqind\u0259n, f\u0259rdil\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f insan sur\u0259tl\u0259rinin bir-birin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tind\u0259n do\u011fur” (Mehdi H\u00fcseyn). \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, burada\u00a0 tarix elmi il\u0259 b\u0259dii \u0259s\u0259rin f\u0259rqli, h\u0259r birinin spesifik, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur v\u0259 \u0259slind\u0259, s\u0259n\u0259tkar fantaziyas\u0131 il\u0259 yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f h\u0259r bir b\u0259dii \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259 tarixi h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259rin \u0259sas mahiyy\u0259ti t\u0259hrif olunmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu fikrin h\u0259qiq\u0259t oldu\u011funu H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi haqq\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan “\u0130\u015f\u0131\u011fa ged\u0259n yol” roman\u0131n\u0131 oxuyark\u0259n bir daha hiss etdim. \u018fsas\u0259n \u015fair, publisist v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u015f\u00fcnas kimi tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Sona V\u0259liyeva t\u0259xmin\u0259n 800 s\u0259hif\u0259lik roman\u0131nda H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin ke\u00e7diyi \u00f6m\u00fcr yolunun az qala h\u0259r s\u0259hif\u0259sini oxucunun g\u00f6zl\u0259ri qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda canland\u0131r\u0131r. Amma “\u0130\u015f\u0131\u011fa ged\u0259n yol” t\u0259kc\u0259 Z\u0259rdabi haqq\u0131nda roman deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 XIX \u0259sr ( v\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 XX \u0259srin ilk ill\u0259ri) Az\u0259rbaycan h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259ri (ictimai, siyasi, m\u0259n\u0259vi kontekstd\u0259) bar\u0259d\u0259 tarixi-b\u0259dii bir \u0259s\u0259rdir v\u0259 bu \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259 tarixi h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259rin he\u00e7 biri t\u0259hrif olunmur. M\u00fc\u0259llif XIX \u0259sr Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n\u0131n tarixi h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259ri fonunda bir b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l obraz\u0131n\u0131 yaratma\u011fa can at\u0131b v\u0259 buna kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r nail ola bilib. H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259tbuat\u0131 yolunda, pedaqoji-maarif\u00e7i c\u0259bh\u0259d\u0259 yorulmaz f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti v\u0259 bir t\u0259bi\u0259t\u015f\u00fcnas alim kimi d\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 vaxtil\u0259 yaz\u0131lan v\u0259 indi d\u0259 yaz\u0131lmaqda davam ed\u0259n onlarla m\u0259qal\u0259nin, bir ne\u00e7\u0259 monoqrafiyan\u0131n adlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0259k\u0259 bil\u0259rik, amma g\u0259lin g\u00f6r\u0259k, onun \u015f\u0259xsi h\u0259yat\u0131, ke\u00e7diyi \u00f6m\u00fcr yolu haqq\u0131nda n\u0259 tapa bil\u0259rik? Birc\u0259 \u00f6m\u00fcr yolda\u015f\u0131 H\u0259nif\u0259 xan\u0131m M\u0259likovan\u0131n 1939-cu ild\u0259 “Revolyusiya v\u0259 kultura” jurnal\u0131nda “H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin t\u0259rc\u00fcmeyi-hal\u0131” q\u0131sa m\u0259lumat\u0131ndan ba\u015fqa… Bir d\u0259 \u0130zz\u0259t R\u00fcst\u0259movun “H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi” monoqrafiyas\u0131nda az-\u00e7ox bilgi ver\u0259n t\u0259rc\u00fcmeyi-hal s\u0259tirl\u0259ri… Sona V\u0259liyeva bu natamam, dol\u011fun olmayan m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n he\u00e7 birini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n qa\u00e7\u0131rmay\u0131b, olsun ki,\u00a0 arxivl\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259 ba\u015f vurub. T\u0259bii ki, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 t\u0259x\u0259yy\u00fcl\u00fc d\u0259 burada az rol oynamay\u0131b. M\u0259lum m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259dir ki, ba\u015fqa \u0259d\u0259bi janrlar kimi tarixi romanda da b\u0259dii uydurmas\u0131z ke\u00e7inm\u0259k olmaz, bir \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259 ki, uydurark\u0259n d\u0259\u00a0 real tarixi faktlara istinad etm\u0259lis\u0259n, t\u0259svir etdiyin “uydurma” obrazlar tarixi koloriti \u0259ks etdirm\u0259lidir. Ancaq \u0259n \u0259sas\u0131 odur ki, Sona V\u0259liyevan\u0131n roman\u0131nda\u00a0 Z\u0259rdabi obraz\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l cizgil\u0259ri yarad\u0131l\u0131b. “\u0130yul, 1848-ci il, K\u00fcr \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n sahill\u0259ri”-roman Z\u0259rdabi \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u0259 bu tarixl\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r v\u0259 “Bak\u0131-1907-ci il”\u00a0 tarixiyl\u0259 ba\u015fa \u00e7at\u0131r-alt\u0131 ya\u015fla altm\u0131\u015f be\u015f ya\u015f aras\u0131nda ke\u00e7\u0259n bir \u00f6m\u00fcr s\u0259hif\u0259-s\u0259hif\u0259 g\u00f6zl\u0259rimiz qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda canlan\u0131r. \u0130ki hiss\u0259lik bu romanda 90 bel\u0259 irili-x\u0131rdal\u0131 f\u0259sill\u0259r bir-birini \u0259v\u0259z edir. Bir insan \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn xronoloji qaydada\u00a0 bu sayaq “yoluna davam etm\u0259si” tarixi roman praktikas\u0131nda t\u0259sad\u00fcf olunan hald\u0131r. Amma t\u0259fsir\u00e7iliy\u0259, m\u0259lumatf\u00fcru\u015flu\u011fa uymamaq \u015f\u0259rtil\u0259.<\/p>\n

Tarixi romanda ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259, t\u0259svir olunan tarixi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin obraz\u0131 diqq\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 olur, b\u00fct\u00fcn hadis\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 obrazlar bu \u0259sas q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131n \u00e7evr\u0259sind\u0259dir. Az\u0259rbaycan tarixi roman \u0259n\u0259n\u0259si d\u0259 bunu s\u00fcbut edir. Z\u0259rdabi el\u0259 bir \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t idi ki, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259srin bir \u00e7ox hadis\u0259l\u0259ri onun g\u00f6zl\u0259ri qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015f verirdi. XIX \u0259sr\u0259 m\u0259xsus olan b\u00fct\u00fcn proqressiv v\u0259 neqativ hallar; elm\u0259, t\u0259hsil\u0259, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t\u0259 meyl v\u0259 bir yandan da d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli fanatizm v\u0259 savads\u0131zl\u0131q, insanlar\u0131n m\u0259n\u0259vi azadl\u0131q ist\u0259yi v\u0259 bir yandan da k\u00fctl\u0259vi k\u00f6l\u0259lik, m\u00fctilik buxovlar\u0131, maarif\u00e7ilik ideyalar\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259\u015fv-n\u00fcma tapmas\u0131 v\u0259 bir yandan da istibdad rejiminin antimaarif\u00e7i m\u00fcdaxil\u0259l\u0259ri…\u0259sr bu m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b, olduqca ziddiyy\u0259tli hadis\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259, daha do\u011frusu, i\u015f\u0131qla qaranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0259b\u0259di m\u00fcbariz\u0259siyl\u0259 s\u0259ciyy\u0259l\u0259nirdi v\u0259 Z\u0259rdabi d\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 bu m\u00fcbariz\u0259nin i\u00e7ind\u0259 idi, \u0130\u015eI\u011eI t\u0259msil edirdi. Ancaq t\u0259bii ki, Z\u0259rdabi bu m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259k deyildi. Roman\u0131n \u0259n d\u0259y\u0259rli c\u0259h\u0259ti d\u0259 el\u0259 bu n\u00f6qt\u0259d\u0259dir. Biz H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yi Tiflisd\u0259 (1858-1861-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259), gimnaziyada oxudu\u011fu ill\u0259rd\u0259 Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259nin m\u0259clisind\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fck. Bu m\u0259clisd\u0259 Mirz\u0259 H\u00fcseyn Qay\u0131bov, \u0130lya \u00c7av\u00e7avadze, Mixail Kipiani i\u015ftirak edir. Moskvada, Universitetd\u0259 t\u0259hsil alark\u0259n rus demokratlar\u0131 il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olur. 1866-c\u0131 il, may ay\u0131n\u0131n 29-da Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259nin evind\u0259ki y\u0131\u011f\u0131ncaqda kiml\u0259ri g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fck? Rus ordusunun general-mayoru, sonuncu Nax\u00e7\u0131van xan\u0131 Ehsan xan K\u0259ng\u0259rlinin o\u011flu K\u0259lb\u0259li xan Nax\u00e7\u0131vanskini, Az\u0259rbaycan\u00a0 t\u0259riq\u0259t \u015feirinin g\u00f6rk\u0259mli n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259si Seyid Nicarini, b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015fairimiz Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvanini, “Beyt\u00fcs-s\u0259fa” \u0259d\u0259bi m\u0259clisinin \u00fczvl\u0259riMolla M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Z\u00f6v\u00fcni v\u0259 A\u011fali b\u0259y Nasehi, \u015fair-musiqi\u015f\u00fcnas Mirz\u0259 M\u00f6hs\u00fcn N\u0259vvab\u0131, “M\u0259clisi-\u00fcns”\u00fcn \u00fczv\u00fc, \u015fair M\u0259mo b\u0259y M\u0259maini v\u0259 \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259,\u00a0 Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li il\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabini. Az\u0259rbaycan ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n say-se\u00e7m\u0259 n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rini bu m\u0259clis\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259y\u0259 hans\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259 vadar edib?\u00a0 O m\u0259clisd\u0259 s\u00f6hb\u0259t elmd\u0259n, maarifd\u0259n v\u0259 poeziyadan gedir. “Yarad\u0131c\u0131 insanlar\u0131n, milli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 sahibl\u0259rinin bir yer\u0259 c\u0259m oldu\u011fu bu m\u0259clisd\u0259 yerl\u0259 g\u00f6y aras\u0131nda sanki bir \u0259laq\u0259 qurulmu\u015fdu. Bu \u0259srar\u0259ngiz s\u0259hn\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6yd\u0259ki m\u0259l\u0259kl\u0259r d\u0259, yerd\u0259ki insanlar da eyni heyranl\u0131qla bax\u0131b t\u0259sirl\u0259nirdi.\u00a0 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y o gec\u0259 el\u0259 t\u0259sirl\u0259nmi\u015fdi ki.\u00a0 O \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 yer tapa bilmir v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc: “Xo\u015fb\u0259xt\u0259m, m\u0259n d\u0259 bu g\u00fcn – m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s bir ay\u0131n m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s g\u00fcn\u00fcnd\u0259, milli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 sahibl\u0259rinin c\u0259m oldu\u011fu bel\u0259 m\u0259clisd\u0259 oldum… \u015e\u00fck\u00fcr s\u0259n\u0259, \u0130lahi, \u00e7oxal\u0131r\u0131q, art\u0131r\u0131q! \u0130rad\u0259mizin, a\u011fl\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n, g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn bir yer\u0259 c\u0259m olmas\u0131 mill\u0259ti, xalq\u0131 cahillikd\u0259n xilas ed\u0259c\u0259k!”.<\/p>\n

Bak\u0131da ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi Az\u0259rbaycan ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 elm v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259t adamlar\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00e7oxu il\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r ke\u00e7irir, onlar\u0131n fikirl\u0259ri il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olur. M\u00fc\u0259llif H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yi Xeyriyy\u0259 C\u0259miyy\u0259tin\u0259 yard\u0131m m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 s\u0259f\u0259rl\u0259rini, bu s\u0259f\u0259rl\u0259r zaman\u0131 rastla\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 hadis\u0259l\u0259ri, tan\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu insanlar\u0131 da unutmur. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, XIX \u0259sr Az\u0259rbaycan ictimai, m\u0259d\u0259ni h\u0259yat\u0131 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin xalqla, onun m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 \u00fcnsiyy\u0259tini art\u0131r\u0131r. Roman i\u00e7ind\u0259 sanki\u00a0 ayr\u0131ca bir roman- “S\u0259f\u0259rnam\u0259” yaran\u0131r, bu s\u0259f\u0259rl\u0259r h\u0259m d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n ke\u00e7mi\u015f tarixi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 bilgil\u0259rin t\u0259fsilatlar\u0131 il\u0259 yadda qal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tarixi roman\u0131n \u0259sas keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n, ba\u015fl\u0131ca arqumentl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 m\u00fcasirlikdir. Pol\u015fa yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Tadeu\u015f Qoluyun bel\u0259 bir fikri il\u0259 raz\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131q ki: “Tarix onun diqq\u0259tini ona g\u00f6r\u0259 c\u0259lb edir ki, m\u00fcasir hadis\u0259l\u0259rin m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 daha d\u0259rind\u0259n a\u00e7a bilsin.\u00a0 M\u0259n ona g\u00f6r\u0259 tarix\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t edir\u0259m ki, m\u00fcasir h\u0259yat\u0131 daha yax\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm”. “\u0130\u015f\u0131\u011fa ged\u0259n yol” roman\u0131nda da m\u00fcasirlik m\u0259hz bu m\u0259rama xidm\u0259t edir- biz XIX \u0259sri v\u0259 bu \u0259srin g\u00f6rk\u0259mli ziyal\u0131s\u0131 Z\u0259rdabini, onun ideyalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259rk ed\u0259k.\u00a0 Bax\u0131n,\u00a0 diqq\u0259t yetirin\u00a0 Z\u0259rdabinin y\u00fcz iyirmi il \u0259vv\u0259lki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259: “H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin 53 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131na alt\u0131-yeddi ay qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131, lakin o, 65-70 ya\u015flar\u0131nda ah\u0131l bir adam\u0131 xat\u0131rlad\u0131rd\u0131. …H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin vaxts\u0131z ya\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bi t\u0259kc\u0259 h\u0259lli \u00e7\u0259tin m\u00fc\u015fg\u00fcll\u0259rd\u0259n\u00a0 yaranan \u0259zab deyildi, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rin\u00a0 h\u0259llind\u0259 milli birliyin, birg\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin olmamas\u0131ndan yaranan \u00fcr\u0259k yan\u011f\u0131s\u0131 idi. H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin haqq v\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259t u\u011frunda, milli inki\u015faf namin\u0259 apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259nin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 onun\u00a0 fiziki g\u00fcc\u00fcnd\u0259n qat-qat \u00e7ox oldu\u011fundan ona g\u00fcc g\u0259lirdi”.<\/p>\n

Romanda Z\u0259rdabi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131, onun h\u0259yat\u0131nda, ictimai v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynayan, t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259, gimnazist Z\u0259rdabinin m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkir Z\u0259rdabi s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynayan insanlar\u0131n da bir silsil\u0259 obrazlar\u0131 il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131q. Babas\u0131 R\u0259him b\u0259y, atas\u0131 S\u0259lim b\u0259y, anas\u0131 M\u0259nz\u0259r xan\u0131m, atas\u0131n\u0131n day\u0131s\u0131 F\u0259r\u0259c b\u0259y A\u011fayev, Tiflis gimnaziyas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259ri, Moskva universitetinin rektoru Solovyov, h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 H\u0259nif\u0259 xan\u0131m v\u0259 \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259, Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259,\u00a0 Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvani,Hac\u0131 Zeynalabdin Ta\u011f\u0131yev… Bu\u00a0 insanlar\u0131n h\u0259r biri Z\u0259rdabinin xeyirxah\u0131, ona m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259st\u0259k ver\u0259n adamlard\u0131r. H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin rus q\u0131z\u0131 Vera il\u0259 sevgi mac\u0259ras\u0131 da romanda tarixi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n lirik-dramatik \u00e7alarlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259ks etdirir. Vera-bu rus q\u0131z\u0131 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yi \u00fcr\u0259kd\u0259n sevir, b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 ona ba\u011flan\u0131b v\u0259 bu d\u00fcnyada \u0259sl sevgi nec\u0259 olursa (t\u0259bii ki, burada milli amil n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131r), onu ya\u015fay\u0131r. Amma H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y \u00fcr\u0259yin\u0259 da\u015f ba\u011flay\u0131b bu sevgid\u0259n imtina edir. Fikirl\u0259\u015firs\u0259n ki, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y bu sevgiy\u0259 cavab vers\u0259ydi, b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n g\u00f6z\u0259l anlar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131, amma\u00a0 onu bir insan v\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t kimi tamamlayan H\u0259nif\u0259 xan\u0131m M\u0259likovan\u0131 itir\u0259rdi. Milli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 hissi Z\u0259rdabini q\u0259ti q\u0259rar verm\u0259y\u0259 t\u0259hrik edir, ax\u0131 o, h\u0259yat yolda\u015flar\u0131 qeyri mill\u0259td\u0259n olan az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131n bir \u00e7oxunun aqib\u0259tini g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. Burada onu q\u0131nam\u0131rsan.<\/p>\n

H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vri m\u0259tbuat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoyub. V\u0259t\u0259n e\u015fqi, mill\u0259t m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259ti idi onu bu i\u015f\u0259 s\u00f6vq ed\u0259n. Rusiyada \u0259vv\u0259linci t\u00fcrk q\u0259zeti olan “\u018fkin\u00e7i” m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t\u00a0 tariximizin \u0259n \u015fanl\u0131 s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biridir. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, XIX \u0259sr ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n-Az\u0259rbaycan yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ilk birliyi, t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 yaran\u0131r. G\u00f6rk\u0259mli \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u015f\u00fcnas, m\u0259rhum professor Xeyrulla M\u0259mm\u0259dov yaz\u0131rd\u0131 ki: “Z\u0259rdabi siyasi manevrl\u0259r ed\u0259r\u0259k da\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131 leksik m\u0259nadan f\u0259rqli olaraq “\u0259kin\u00e7i” s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 geni\u015f m\u0259na a\u015f\u0131lad\u0131.\u00a0 Onu k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131, ticar\u0259t v\u0259 iqtisadiyyata dair\u00a0 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin fonunda\u00a0 radikal maarif\u00e7ilik ideyalar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259bli\u011find\u0259n \u00f6tr\u00fc tribunaya \u00e7evirdi.\u00a0 M\u0259\u015fhur mill\u0259t xadimi \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259y Q\u0259m\u0259rlinskinin obrazl\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 dediyi kimi “birinci ovuc maarif bu\u011fdas\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y a\u011fam\u0131z s\u0259pdi. Da\u015fl\u0131, qumlu, d\u0259r\u0259-t\u0259p\u0259 qara\u00a0 torpaqlar\u0131 s\u00fcrm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131”.<\/p>\n

Romanda Z\u0259rdabinin “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zeti il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 90 s\u0259hif\u0259 yer ayr\u0131l\u0131b v\u0259 q\u0259zetin ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131ndan ba\u011flan\u0131\u015f\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r ke\u00e7diyi yol, bu \u00e7\u0259tin v\u0259 \u015f\u0259r\u0259fli yolda Z\u0259rdabinin sevincl\u0259ri il\u0259 bah\u0259m \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u0259ri, rastla\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mane\u0259l\u0259r haqq\u0131nda da kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r s\u0259hn\u0259l\u0259r var. \u0130ndi Az\u0259rbaycanda 600-d\u0259n \u00e7ox q\u0259zet, jurnal n\u0259\u015fr olunur v\u0259 dey\u0259 bil\u0259rik ki, bu q\u0259zetl\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti maliyy\u0259 b\u00f6hran\u0131 ke\u00e7irmirl\u0259r, vaxta\u015f\u0131r\u0131 n\u0259\u015fr olunurlar (b\u0259zil\u0259ri imkans\u0131zl\u0131q ucundan ba\u011flansa da yaxud bir q\u0259zet kimi \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011frultmay\u0131b n\u0259\u015frini dayand\u0131rsa da), t\u0259qib d\u0259 olunmurlar, h\u0259tta d\u00f6vl\u0259td\u0259n maddi d\u0259st\u0259k d\u0259 qazan\u0131rlar, amma Z\u0259rdabinin “\u018fkin\u00e7i”si n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rl\u0259, irtican\u0131n h\u0259d\u0259-qorxular\u0131, m\u00fcrt\u0259cel\u0259rin qarayacmalar\u0131 il\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015firdi.<\/p>\n

Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259 bu q\u0259zetin v\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin p\u0259r\u0259sti\u015fkar\u0131 idi v\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyil ki, “\u018fkin\u00e7i”d\u0259 ged\u0259n m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rin birind\u0259 Z\u0259rdabiy\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tini bel\u0259 b\u0259yan etmi\u015fdi: “Bizim \u0259zizimiz v\u0259 g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn i\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y”.<\/p>\n

“\u018fkin\u00e7i” ba\u011fland\u0131, amma onun i\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6nm\u0259di, “\u018fkin\u00e7i”d\u0259n sonra “Ziyayi-Qafqaziyy\u0259”, “K\u0259\u015fk\u00fcl”, “Kaspi” meydana at\u0131ld\u0131 v\u0259 bel\u0259likl\u0259, m\u0259tbuat tariximizin s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259ri yaz\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015fland\u0131. \u00c7ox ke\u00e7m\u0259d\u0259n Kr\u0131m t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin d\u0259y\u0259rli ziyal\u0131s\u0131 \u0130smay\u0131l Qaspral\u0131 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi il\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u0259c\u0259k v\u0259 s\u00f6yl\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k ki: “H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y, sizi b\u00fct\u00fcn Kr\u0131m t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri tan\u0131y\u0131r, d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirir. M\u0259nc\u0259, siz bir ovuc ideya toxumunu “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 oxundu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259razil\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259p\u0259r\u0259k, \u0259v\u0259zind\u0259 maarif, elm, t\u0259hsil v\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259qqi adl\u0131 m\u0259hsul yeti\u015fdirdiniz. Ke\u00e7\u0259n ay \u0130stanbuldayd\u0131m. A\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 deyim, oradak\u0131 t\u00fcrk ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0259zetl\u0259rd\u0259 sizin “\u018fkin\u00e7i”d\u0259ki ictimai mahiyy\u0259ftli m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r bel\u0259 d\u0259rind\u0259n \u0259ks olunmur.\u00a0 M\u0259n Ziya G\u00f6yalp, Namiq Kamal, Ziya Pa\u015fayla tan\u0131\u015f olark\u0259n “\u018fkin\u00e7i” haqq\u0131ndak\u0131 bu fikri onlardan da e\u015fitdim. S\u00f6z\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131, sizin c\u0259sar\u0259tiniz onlar\u0131 \u00e7ox heyr\u0259tl\u0259ndirib”.<\/p>\n

Roman\u0131n son f\u0259sill\u0259rind\u0259\u00a0 XX \u0259srin ilk ill\u0259rind\u0259 Z\u0259rdabinin \u00f6z maarif\u00e7i f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini yen\u0259 inadla davam etdirm\u0259sind\u0259n, M\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r qurultay\u0131nda i\u015ftirak\u0131ndan, Bak\u0131dak\u0131 erm\u0259ni v\u0259h\u015filikl\u0259rind\u0259n, s\u0259hh\u0259ti il\u0259 ke\u00e7irdiyi g\u0259rginlikl\u0259rd\u0259n, Dumadak\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259n\u00a0 s\u00f6z a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 biz ist\u0259r-ist\u0259m\u0259z bu b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n dolu \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131nda da yorulmaz f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin \u015fahidi oluruq. V\u0259 budur, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi son m\u0259nzil\u0259 yola sal\u0131n\u0131r, amma: “H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin ruhundan z\u00fchur ed\u0259n i\u015f\u0131q seli, al\u0259mi b\u00fcr\u00fcy\u0259n ovliya nuru \u00f6z \u0259b\u0259diyy\u0259t yolunu davam edirdi. Bu i\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n son dayanaca\u011f\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259 \u00e7ox-\u00e7ox uzaqlarda idi. T\u00fck\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259n, bitm\u0259y\u0259n nur yolu, i\u015f\u0131q seli he\u00e7 vaxt bitm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k, sona \u00e7atmayacaq kimi mill\u0259tin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259r\u0259k g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259y\u0259 do\u011fru gedirdi”.<\/p>\n

“\u0130\u015f\u0131\u011fa ged\u0259n yol” roman\u0131ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcrat budur v\u0259 Sona xan\u0131m V\u0259liyevan\u0131 bu yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q u\u011furuna g\u00f6r\u0259 t\u0259brik edir\u0259m.<\/p>\n

Vaqif YUS\u0130FL\u0130<\/b><\/i>
\nFilologiya elml\u0259ri doktoru<\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 tarixind\u0259\u00a0XIX \u0259sr b\u00f6y\u00fck ir\u0259lil\u0259yi\u015fl\u0259r, t\u0259r\u0259qqil\u0259r \u0259sri kimi xat\u0131rlan\u0131r v\u0259 bu g\u00fcn-XXI \u0259srd\u0259 ke\u00e7ib g\u0259ldiyimiz tarixi yolu i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131rark\u0259n, \u0259d\u0259bi-m\u0259d\u0259ni inki\u015faf\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 XIX \u0259srin silinm\u0259z izl\u0259rini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fck. \u018fvv\u0259la, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn tarixi taleyi h\u0259ll olunurdu: “Bir yandan Rusiya, bir yandan \u0130ran” \u0259srl\u0259r boyu ya\u011fl\u0131 tik\u0259 kimi g\u00f6z tikdikl\u0259ri bir m\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259ti\u00a0 n\u0259hay\u0259t, “b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u0259” bildil\u0259r. Amans\u0131z T\u00fcrkm\u0259n\u00e7ay […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-23202","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-zrdab"},"yoast_head":"\nZ\u0259rdabi b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259nin i\u00e7ind\u0259 idi - Z\u0259rdab.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zerdab.com\/?p=23202\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"az_AZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Z\u0259rdabi b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259nin i\u00e7ind\u0259 idi - Z\u0259rdab.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 tarixind\u0259\u00a0XIX \u0259sr b\u00f6y\u00fck ir\u0259lil\u0259yi\u015fl\u0259r, t\u0259r\u0259qqil\u0259r \u0259sri kimi xat\u0131rlan\u0131r v\u0259 bu g\u00fcn-XXI \u0259srd\u0259 ke\u00e7ib g\u0259ldiyimiz tarixi yolu i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131rark\u0259n, \u0259d\u0259bi-m\u0259d\u0259ni inki\u015faf\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 XIX \u0259srin silinm\u0259z izl\u0259rini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fck. \u018fvv\u0259la, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn tarixi taleyi h\u0259ll olunurdu: “Bir yandan Rusiya, bir yandan \u0130ran” \u0259srl\u0259r boyu ya\u011fl\u0131 tik\u0259 kimi g\u00f6z tikdikl\u0259ri bir m\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259ti\u00a0 n\u0259hay\u0259t, “b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u0259” bildil\u0259r. 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