![\"\"](\"https:\/\/azertag.az\/store\/manual\/2025_07_16_6877aa1179ae8.jpg\")
<\/p>\n\u00c7i\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259r \u00f6z \u0259tri, sular \u00f6z ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015f\u0131q \u00f6z nuru il\u0259 d\u00fcnyaya ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu kimi, insan da yaln\u0131z \u00f6z sevgisi il\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131r, yarad\u0131r. Bu sevgini is\u0259 qoruyan b\u00f6y\u00fck q\u0259lbin ist\u0259k v\u0259 amal\u0131d\u0131r. 150 il \u0259vv\u0259l Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131na nur b\u0259x\u015f etm\u0259k arzular\u0131 il\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi (M\u0259likov) adl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131nan bir \u00fcr\u0259k parlad\u0131 bu V\u0259t\u0259nd\u0259 v\u0259 ana dilind\u0259 \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zetini n\u0259\u015fr ed\u0259r\u0259k yurdunun ilk maarif\u00e7i g\u00fcn\u0259\u015fin\u0259 \u00e7evrildi.<\/p>\n
Prezident \u0130lham \u018fliyevin \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131n\u0131n 150 illik yubileyinin ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda\u201d S\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131nda vur\u011fulan\u0131b: \u201c150 il \u0259vv\u0259l \u2013 1875-ci il iyulun 22-d\u0259 g\u00f6rk\u0259mli ziyal\u0131, t\u0259bi\u0259t\u015f\u00fcnas alim v\u0259 maarif\u00e7i-publisist H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr etdirdiyi \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zeti milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ilk n\u00fcmun\u0259si v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259mizin h\u0259yat\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm hadis\u0259 kimi tarix\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. C\u0259mi iki il f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n q\u0259zet maarif\u00e7i ideyalar\u0131n car\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015f, c\u0259hal\u0259t\u0259 v\u0259 xurafata qar\u015f\u0131 k\u0259skin m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259rc etmi\u015f, milli \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcd\u0259rkin, ictimai, siyasi v\u0259 b\u0259dii fikrin inki\u015faf\u0131na, m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi jurnalist n\u0259slinin yeti\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 \u00f6n\u0259mli t\u00f6hf\u0259 vermi\u015fdir\u201d.<\/p>\n
Bu fikirl\u0259r tarix \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru, dosent, Ali Media M\u00fckafat\u0131 laureat\u0131, H.B.Z\u0259rdabi diplom\u00e7usu Esmira Cavadovan\u0131n \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 – H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi\u201d s\u0259rl\u00f6vh\u0259li m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 yer al\u0131b. M\u0259qal\u0259ni ixtisarla t\u0259qdim edirik.<\/p>\n
H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y 1842-ci ild\u0259 \u015eirvan\u0131n Z\u0259rdab k\u0259ndind\u0259 S\u0259lim b\u0259yin ail\u0259sind\u0259 d\u00fcnyaya g\u00f6z a\u00e7\u0131b. \u0130lk t\u0259hsilini mollaxanada al\u0131b, \u0259r\u0259b-fars dill\u0259rind\u0259 yaz\u0131b-oxuma\u011f\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nib, lakin dini t\u0259hsil\u0259 mara\u011f\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn atas\u0131 onu 1852-ci ild\u0259 \u015eamax\u0131da 4 sinifli rus m\u0259kt\u0259bin\u0259 qoyub. M\u0259kt\u0259bi \u0259la qiym\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 bitirib. 1858-1861-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 I Tiflis Gimnaziyas\u0131nda t\u0259hsil al\u0131b. H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin h\u0259yata bax\u0131\u015f\u0131 formala\u015f\u0131b. Bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n gimnaziya m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259ri, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 day\u0131s\u0131 F\u0259r\u0259c b\u0259y A\u011fayevin vasit\u0259sil\u0259 yax\u0131ndan tan\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ziyal\u0131lar – Az\u0259rbaycan dramaturgiyas\u0131n\u0131n banisi Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259 (1812-1878), general-mayor \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259y Qutqa\u015f\u0131nl\u0131 (1806-1861), Qori M\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r Seminariyas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llimi knyaz \u0130lya \u00c7av\u00e7avadze (1837-1907), inqilab\u00e7\u0131 Mixail Kipyani (1849-1905), habel\u0259 Abbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanov (1794-1847), Abdulla a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanov (1842-1879) v\u0259 daha ne\u00e7\u0259-ne\u00e7\u0259 n\u00fcfuzlu \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 h\u0259ms\u00f6hb\u0259t olmas\u0131, onlar\u0131 dinl\u0259m\u0259si H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn formala\u015fmas\u0131na t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rib.<\/p>\n
Gimnaziyan\u0131 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f medalla bitirdiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y 1861-ci ild\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t hesab\u0131na Moskva Universitetinin Fizika-riyaziyyat fak\u00fclt\u0259sinin T\u0259bi\u0259t elml\u0259ri b\u00f6lm\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259bul olub v\u0259 1865-c\u0131 ild\u0259 oran\u0131 f\u0259rql\u0259nm\u0259 diplomu il\u0259 bitirib, h\u0259tta yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 diplom i\u015fin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 ona t\u0259bi\u0259t elml\u0259ri namiz\u0259di elmi d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si verilib. H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y\u0259 Moskva Universitetind\u0259 qal\u0131b elmi-pedaqoji f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmaq t\u0259klif edils\u0259 d\u0259, o, V\u0259t\u0259n\u0259 qay\u0131daraq xalq\u0131na k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259yi vacib bilib. El\u0259 h\u0259min ild\u0259n d\u0259 onun \u00e7\u0259tin g\u00fcnl\u0259ri ba\u015flay\u0131b. \u0130\u015f\u0259 d\u00fcz\u0259ldiyi bir ne\u00e7\u0259 yerd\u0259 – Bor\u00e7al\u0131 q\u0259zas\u0131n\u0131n Tiflis Torpaq Palatas\u0131nda, Bak\u0131 Quberniya \u0130dar\u0259sind\u0259, Quba Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131q M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sind\u0259 o, avam \u0259halinin m\u0259nafeyini m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etdiyi, onlara pulsuz \u015fikay\u0259t \u0259riz\u0259l\u0259ri yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u00f6kum\u0259t m\u0259murlar\u0131n\u0131n xo\u015funa g\u0259lm\u0259yib, t\u0259qib\u0259 m\u0259ruz qal\u0131b, h\u0259tta h\u0259yat\u0131na sui-q\u0259sd t\u0259\u015fkil edilib. T\u0259sad\u00fcf n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y \u00f6l\u00fcmd\u0259n qurtar\u0131b v\u0259 \u00f6z raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 i\u015fd\u0259n azad olub. Onu narahat ed\u0259n, beynind\u0259 dola\u015fan, \u00fcr\u0259yind\u0259 qalan bir fikir var idi ki, bu da ana dilind\u0259 m\u0259tbu orqan\u0131 yaratmaq, m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r a\u00e7maq idi. Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259, F\u0259rhad A\u011fazad\u0259 (\u015e\u0259rqli), \u018fsg\u0259r Ad\u0131g\u00f6z\u0259lov, Abdulla a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanov, N\u0259c\u0259f b\u0259y V\u0259zirov, H\u0259s\u0259n \u018flq\u0259dari, Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvani H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin milli q\u0259zet \u00e7ap etm\u0259k fikrind\u0259 oldu\u011funu bil\u0259r\u0259k onu alq\u0131\u015flay\u0131r v\u0259 ona k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259rin\u0259 s\u00f6z verirdil\u0259r. M.F.Axundzad\u0259 is\u0259 Z\u0259rdabiy\u0259 bildirir ki, o, milli m\u0259tbu orqan\u0131n Tiflisd\u0259 yay\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015fin\u0259 \u0259lind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n k\u00f6m\u0259yi ed\u0259c\u0259k, q\u0259zetin \u00e7ap olunmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda elan\u0131 Tiflisd\u0259 ya\u015fayan ziyal\u0131lara g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259c\u0259k, onlar\u0131n n\u0259\u015fr\u0259 abun\u0259 olmalar\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015facaq. Ana dilind\u0259 q\u0259zet n\u0259\u015fr edil\u0259c\u0259yi bar\u0259d\u0259 elan\u0131 oxuyanda \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201dnin n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 Abdulla a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanov H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabiy\u0259 10 min rubl pul g\u00f6nd\u0259rib. H\u0259min pulun hesab\u0131na H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi 4 d\u0259f\u0259 \u0130stanbula ged\u0259r\u0259k q\u0259zeti \u00e7ap etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259tb\u0259\u0259 \u015friftl\u0259ri al\u0131b.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u018fsas m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 is\u0259 q\u0259zetin n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 icaz\u0259 almaq idi. H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi \u00fc\u00e7 ild\u0259n \u00e7ox idi ki, q\u0259zetin \u00e7ap olunmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar yuxar\u0131 dair\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t ets\u0259 d\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259si olmurdu. Bak\u0131ya qubernator t\u0259yin olunan general-leytenant Dmitri Staroselski bu i\u015fd\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7ox k\u00f6m\u0259k g\u00f6st\u0259rir. O, Qafqaz\u0131n yerli \u0259halisin\u0259 (xan\u0131m\u0131 g\u00fcrc\u00fc q\u0131z\u0131, y\u0259ni qafqazl\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn) h\u00f6rm\u0259tl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Qubernator H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t g\u00f6r\u00fcr ki, senzuradan yay\u0131nmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn q\u0259zetin ad\u0131n\u0131 \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d qoysun, y\u0259ni onun s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259kin\u00e7ilik v\u0259 maldarl\u0131qdan dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lacaq. D.Staroselski Rusiya imperatoru v\u0259 s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tli \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rd\u0259n q\u0259zetin n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 icaz\u0259ni \u00f6z\u00fc al\u0131r v\u0259 bildirir ki, \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d onun n\u0259zar\u0259ti alt\u0131nda \u201cQubernator m\u0259tb\u0259\u0259si\u201dnd\u0259 \u00e7ap olunacaq, senzoru da \u00f6z\u00fc olacaq.<\/p>\n
Maddi v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259ri arxada qoyaraq 1875-ci il iyulun 22-d\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi \u00f6z arzusuna \u00e7at\u0131r. Ki\u00e7ik formatla, az tirajla, h\u0259ft\u0259d\u0259 2 d\u0259f\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xmaq \u015f\u0259rti il\u0259, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259sis\u00e7isi, t\u0259rtib\u00e7isi, korrektoru, \u00e7ap\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 v\u0259 redaktoru \u00f6z\u00fc olmaqla ana dilind\u0259 \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zetinin ilk n\u00f6mr\u0259sini burax\u0131r v\u0259 bununla da Az\u0259rbaycanda milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131 qoyulur.<\/p>\n
Q\u0259zetin \u201cDaxiliyy\u0259\u201d, \u201c\u018fkin v\u0259 zira\u0259t x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri”, \u201cElm x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri\u201d, \u201cT\u0259z\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259r\u201d adl\u0131 b\u00f6lm\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 oxucular\u0131 maraqland\u0131ran \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm m\u0259lumatlar verilirdi. Q\u0259zetin ilk n\u00f6mr\u0259sind\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi n\u0259\u015frin m\u0259qs\u0259di, b\u00f6lm\u0259l\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda oxuculara \u00fcmumi m\u0259lumat verirdi. O, senzuran\u0131n t\u0259sdiq etdiyi proqramdan mahir jurnalist ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 k\u0259nara \u00e7\u0131xma\u011f\u0131 bacararaq ictimai siyasi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259 \u00e7ox yer ay\u0131r\u0131r, xalq\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131r, h\u00fcququnu m\u00fcdafi\u0259 ed\u0259n, ona q\u0259zet oxuma\u011f\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259d\u0259n, t\u0259hsilin vacibliyini g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n fikirl\u0259ri d\u0259 q\u0259zetd\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fc\u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc verirdi. \u201cDaxiliyy\u0259\u201d b\u00f6lm\u0259si \u0259sas\u0259n H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yaz\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu b\u00f6lm\u0259d\u0259 ba\u015f m\u0259qal\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdirilirdi. M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y \u00f6lk\u0259 daxilind\u0259 ba\u015f vermi\u015f \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri, d\u00f6vl\u0259tin verdiyi f\u0259rmanlar\u0131, q\u0259rarlar\u0131, yeni qanunlar\u0131, iqtisadi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri, m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259ri, d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259raras\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 s. m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Q\u0259zetin dig\u0259r b\u00f6lm\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 ged\u0259n m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rin – m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n ax\u0131r\u0131nda onu yaz\u0131b g\u00f6nd\u0259r\u0259nin ad\u0131 v\u0259 ya soyad\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131sa, dem\u0259li, bu m\u0259qal\u0259ni i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n v\u0259 ya x\u0259b\u0259ri yazan H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi olmay\u0131b. Amma q\u0259zetin \u0259ks\u0259r saylar\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irdikd\u0259 m\u0259lum olur ki, d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunan q\u0259zetl\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sah\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 h\u0259sr olunmu\u015f, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u00f6vzularda d\u0259rc olunmu\u015f x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri toplayan v\u0259 onlar\u0131 \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201dd\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n el\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y olub. El\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 \u201c\u018fkin v\u0259 zira\u0259t x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri\u201d v\u0259 ya \u201c\u018ffali-\u0259hli-dehat\u201d b\u00f6lm\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 ged\u0259n \u0259ks\u0259r m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259ri H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi yaz\u0131rd\u0131. \u201c\u018fkin v\u0259 zira\u0259t x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri\u201d b\u00f6lm\u0259sinin ad\u0131 1876-c\u0131 ilin 7-ci n\u00f6mr\u0259sind\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq d\u0259yi\u015fdirilib, 1877-ci il 29 sentyabrda burax\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 20-ci – y\u0259ni sonuncu n\u00f6mr\u0259 d\u0259 daxil olmaqla \u201c\u018ffali-\u0259hli-dehat\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131b.<\/p>\n
Q\u0259zetin \u0259traf\u0131na m\u00fcxbir yaz\u0131lar\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259r Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259, N\u0259c\u0259f b\u0259y V\u0259zirzad\u0259, \u018fsg\u0259r a\u011fa Ad\u0131g\u00f6z\u0259lzad\u0259 (Gorani) \u018fb\u00fclf\u0259t \u015eahtaxtl\u0131, M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259ta\u011f\u0131 \u018flizad\u0259, Mirz\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n \u018flq\u0259dari, \u018fl\u0259kb\u0259r Heyd\u0259ri, V\u0259liyev M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d\u0259li b\u0259y, \u018fhs\u0259n\u00fcl Q\u0259vaid (G\u0259nc\u0259li Hac\u0131 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259dsad\u0131q) v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131 topla\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Q\u0259zet\u0259 m\u00fcrt\u0259ce m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259r d\u0259 m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r g\u00f6nd\u0259rir, onun m\u00fctl\u0259q d\u0259rc olunmas\u0131n\u0131 ist\u0259yirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n
H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201dnin 1876-c\u0131 il 14 aprel 7-ci n\u00f6mr\u0259sind\u0259 \u201cDaxiliyy\u0259\u201d b\u00f6lm\u0259sind\u0259 q\u0259zetin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti haqq\u0131nda bel\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cQ\u0259zetin murad\u0131 xalq\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7maqd\u0131r. Q\u0259zet d\u0259rvi\u015f kimi na\u011f\u0131l dey\u0259 bilm\u0259z, onun borcudur i\u015fl\u0259rin yax\u015f\u0131 v\u0259 yamanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayna kimi xalqa g\u00f6st\u0259rsin, ta xalq \u00f6z nikub\u0259dind\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259rdar olub onun \u0259lac\u0131n\u0131n dal\u0131ncan olsun\u201d. G\u00f6rk\u0259mli jurnalist oxucusunu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrm\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u201cT\u0259z\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259r\u201d b\u00f6lm\u0259sind\u0259 (1875-ci il N2, 5 avqust) bildirirdi: \u201cOsmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti Fir\u0259ngistan\u0131n paytaxt\u0131 Parij \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 \u00f6z x\u0259rci il\u0259 \u00e7ox adama t\u0259lim verdirir. Q\u0259zetl\u0259rd\u0259n bel\u0259 m\u0259lum olur ki, … t\u0259hsil ed\u0259nl\u0259ri qaytar\u0131b geri g\u0259tir\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r, onlara x\u0259rc olunan v\u0259sait (pul – Esmira Cavadova) q\u0259d\u0259r \u0130stanbulda bir b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259kt\u0259bxana, y\u0259ni universitet bina ed\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r\u201d. Q\u0259zetin \u201cDaxiliyy\u0259\u201d b\u00f6lm\u0259sind\u0259 (1877-ci il, N6, 17 mart) maarif\u00e7i yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cT\u00fcfeyli h\u0259yat s\u00fcr\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan b\u0259yl\u0259rini, a\u011falar\u0131n\u0131, d\u00f6vr\u00fcn hakim istismar\u00e7\u0131 t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rini he\u00e7 vaxt xalq maraqland\u0131rmaz, onlar xalq\u0131n xo\u015fb\u0259xtlik fikrini \u00e7\u0259km\u0259zl\u0259r, b\u0259y\u0259 yaln\u0131z pul g\u0259r\u0259kdir ki, kef-dama\u011fa m\u0259\u015f\u011ful ola v\u0259 mill\u0259t \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 heyvan g\u0259r\u0259kdir ki, ona hakimlik ed\u0259\u201d.<\/p>\n
\u0130ctimai v\u0259 milli z\u00fclm\u0259, istismar v\u0259 iqtisadi b\u0259rab\u0259rsizliy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201dnin s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 olmu\u015f hadis\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 m\u0259kan bil\u0259r\u0259kd\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fdirilmi\u015f \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rilirdi. Xalq azadl\u0131q h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131na aid m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 oxucuya bel\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cPeterburqda doxsan min f\u0259hl\u0259 i\u015fsiz qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r, orada xalqa d\u00f6vl\u0259t qada\u011fan ed\u0259n kitablar paylan\u0131r, q\u0131z\u0131l bayraq \u00fcst\u0259 \u201ctorpaq v\u0259 asud\u0259lik\u201d yazm\u0131\u015f inqilab\u00e7\u0131lardan 21 adam (ki\u015fi v\u0259 qad\u0131n) Sibir\u0259 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olunmu\u015fdur\u201d (1877-ci il, N4, 17 fevral). Bel\u0259 hadis\u0259l\u0259r Moskva, Tula, Oryol kimi \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 ba\u015f verirdi. Amerika Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f \u015etatlar\u0131n\u0131n zavodlar\u0131 v\u0259 d\u0259mir yollar\u0131nda t\u0259till\u0259r g\u00fcn\u00fc-g\u00fcnd\u0259n art\u0131r, \u00c7ind\u0259 Dinkan vilay\u0259tinin \u0259hli milli z\u00fclm\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015flara ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r v\u0259 s.<\/p>\n
\u0130qtisadi \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259tsizliy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6z fikrini bildir\u0259n Z\u0259rdabi q\u0259zetind\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Rusiya v\u0259 Q\u0259rbl\u0259 olan iqtisadi \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri onun m\u0259nafeyini g\u00fcdm\u00fcr. Bizim camaat\u0131m\u0131z \u0259ld\u0259 etdiyi xammal\u0131 (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, pamb\u0131\u011f\u0131, yunu) xaricil\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259r-d\u0259ym\u0259zin\u0259 sat\u0131b, sonra onlar\u0131n istehsal etdiyi mal\u0131 \u00e7ox baha qiym\u0259t\u0259 al\u0131r. Halbuki bizim \u00f6z fabrik-zavodlar\u0131m\u0131z olsa, bu hala son qoyular\u201d. Bak\u0131da neft s\u0259nayesinin inki\u015faf\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar neft yerinin sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259 ged\u0259n h\u0259rrac m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u00f6z m\u00fcnasib\u0259tini bildir\u0259n H.Z\u0259rdabi \u201cDaxiliyy\u0259\u201d b\u00f6lm\u0259sind\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201c…yer alan, yer satan h\u0259dd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b. Badukub\u0259d\u0259 olan sakinl\u0259r olan-olmaz\u0131n y\u0131\u011f\u0131b, Sabun\u00e7u b\u0259yl\u0259rinin yan\u0131na yer alma\u011fa v\u0259 ya Qara \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 zavod tikdirm\u0259y\u0259 gedir ki, bir-iki il\u0259 sahibi-milyon olsun. O, \u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc neft dal\u0131yca qa\u00e7anlara tutub deyir ki, g\u00f6z\u00fcyumma Sabun\u00e7uya y\u00fcy\u00fcr\u00fcb neft yerini q\u0131z\u0131l qiym\u0259tin\u0259 almaq n\u0259 laz\u0131m? B\u0259lk\u0259 bu k\u00fcy\u00fc ol yer sahibl\u0259ri \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131b ki, \u00f6z yerini art\u0131q qiym\u0259t\u0259 sats\u0131nlar?\u201d (1877-ci il, N14, 7 iyul)<\/p>\n
\u0130qtisadi \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131qda H.Z\u0259rdabi q\u0259zetin \u201cDaxiliyy\u0259\u201d b\u00f6lm\u0259sind\u0259 Tiflisd\u0259n Badukub\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259mir yolunun \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259sinin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tind\u0259n yaz\u0131rd\u0131, m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 (yolun ke\u00e7\u0259c\u0259yi yerl\u0259r, k\u0259nd camaat\u0131n\u0131n mallar\u0131n\u0131 satmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Bak\u0131ya tez bir vaxtda g\u0259lm\u0259si, h\u00fcquqi, tibbi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259lli v\u0259 s. m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r a\u00e7\u0131qlan\u0131rd\u0131).<\/p>\n
B\u00f6y\u00fck maarif\u00e7i t\u0259hsilin rolu v\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tin\u0259 diqq\u0259t yetirm\u0259yin vacibliyini bil\u0259r\u0259k \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201dnin \u201cX\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259r\u201d b\u00f6lm\u0259sind\u0259 (1875-ci il, N6, 5 oktyabr) bel\u0259 bir m\u0259lumat d\u0259rc etmi\u015fdi: \u201cRusiyan\u0131n 1873-c\u00fc il s\u0259n\u0259din\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, universitetl\u0259rind\u0259 oxuyan t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rin say\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259riniz\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131ram: universitetl\u0259rd\u0259 8000-c\u0259n, gimnaziyalarda 20000-c\u0259n, \u00fc\u00e7 klas m\u0259kt\u0259bxanalarda 90 000-c\u0259n, bir klas m\u0259kt\u0259bxanalarda 1 000 000-can \u015fagirdl\u0259r oxuyublar. Bu, bizim m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rl\u0259 he\u00e7 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 olunas\u0131 deyil!<\/p>\n
D\u00fczd\u00fcr, bizim Qafqazda, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Badukub\u0259 gimnaziyas\u0131nda oxuyanlar var, \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti ruslar, erm\u0259nil\u0259r v\u0259 ba\u015fqa mill\u0259tl\u0259rdir. M\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n say\u0131 is\u0259 \u00e7ox azd\u0131r. Bizim qon\u015fular bizl\u0259rd\u0259n bir\u0259 \u0259lli art\u0131q elm, t\u0259hsil etm\u0259y\u0259 s\u0259y edirl\u0259r. Biz m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar elmd\u0259n v\u0259ba naxo\u015flu\u011fundan qa\u00e7an kimi qa\u00e7\u0131r\u0131q, h\u0259tta pad\u015fahl\u0131q x\u0259rci il\u0259 d\u0259 oxumaq ist\u0259mirik\u201d.<\/p>\n
H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi oxucular\u0131na x\u0259b\u0259r verir ki, t\u0259z\u0259 qanuna \u0259sas\u0259n, vilay\u0259td\u0259 mirovoy v\u0259 okrujnoy sudlar f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir. \u0130ndi xalq\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcbahis\u0259li i\u015fl\u0259rini advokatlar, y\u0259ni v\u0259kill\u0259r g\u00f6r\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r. \u201cQarda\u015flar, \u00f6z h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bilm\u0259dikl\u0259riniz\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 advokatlar sizi soymaqda davam ed\u0259c\u0259k, sizi aldadacaqlar. Bunun \u0259v\u0259zind\u0259 qarda\u015flar, s\u0259y edin, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259nizi art\u0131r\u0131n, y\u0259ni elm, t\u0259hsil edin ki, m\u00fcft\u0259xorlar\u0131n sizin t\u0259r t\u00f6k\u00fcb qazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z m\u00fclk v\u0259 mal\u0131n\u0131za \u015f\u0259rak\u0259tliyi olmas\u0131n (1875-ci il, N10, 2 dekabr, Daxiliyy\u0259).<\/p>\n
Bu m\u0259qal\u0259 \u00e7ox ciddi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 toxundu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00f6vl\u0259t qurumlar\u0131nda i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n m\u0259murlar\u0131n xo\u015funa g\u0259lm\u0259mi\u015f v\u0259 onlar imkan d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fckc\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yi t\u0259qib etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Q\u0259zetin \u201c\u018fkin v\u0259 zira\u0259t x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri\u201d, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 \u201c\u018ffali-\u0259hli-dehat\u201d b\u00f6lm\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 H.Z\u0259rdabi \u0259kin\u00e7ilikd\u0259n, suvar\u0131lmadan, bu i\u015fl\u0259rin daha faydal\u0131 yollar\u0131ndan dan\u0131\u015f\u0131r, eyni zamanda, ba\u015fqa xalqlar\u0131n bu sah\u0259d\u0259 olan t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259lumat verirdi.<\/p>\n
H.Z\u0259rdabinin ya\u015fay\u0131b-yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u0259halinin m\u0259\u015f\u011ful oldu\u011fu t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 maldarl\u0131q idi. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 olan t\u0259bii-co\u011frafi \u015f\u0259raitin m\u00fcnasibliyi, geni\u015f yaylaq v\u0259 q\u0131\u015flaqlara malik olmas\u0131, q\u0259dim d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq \u0259halinin \u0259kin\u00e7ilikl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, maldarl\u0131q t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdu. H\u0259r iki sah\u0259nin inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6z m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259rini \u0259sirg\u0259m\u0259y\u0259n t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131 q\u0259zetd\u0259 \u00e7ap etdirdiyi m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 heyvanlar\u0131 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 qrupla\u015fd\u0131raraq onlar\u0131n ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq t\u0259snifat\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015f, \u0259tlik, s\u00fcdl\u00fck v\u0259 qo\u015fqu m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n mal\u0131n yerli \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rini g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015f, onlar\u0131 hans\u0131 \u00fcsul v\u0259 qayda il\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmas\u0131n\u0131 izah etmi\u015fdir. H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq ot \u0259kin\u00e7iliyinin, m\u0259d\u0259ni otlar\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 ideyas\u0131n\u0131 ir\u0259li s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. H\u0259tta maldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n iqtisadi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 g\u0259lir g\u0259tirdiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259kin\u00e7ilik t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 daha faydal\u0131 oldu\u011funu demi\u015f v\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir ki, bazarda tax\u0131l\u0131n qiym\u0259ti daim enib-qalxd\u0131\u011f\u0131 halda (bu quraql\u0131\u011f\u0131n ke\u00e7m\u0259si, m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalmas\u0131 v\u0259 s. \u0259laq\u0259dar olurdu) bel\u0259 hal\u0131n maldarl\u0131\u011fa bir o q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259siri olmur (1876-ci il, N6, 29 mart).<\/p>\n
Q\u0259zetin \u201cElm x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri\u201d, \u201cT\u0259z\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259r\u201d b\u00f6lm\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 maraql\u0131 m\u0259lumatlar yerl\u0259\u015fdirilirdi.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zeti H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin \u015fah \u0259s\u0259ridir. Q\u0259zetd\u0259 xalq\u0131 elm\u0259, t\u0259hsil\u0259 s\u0259sl\u0259y\u0259n, y\u00f6n\u0259ld\u0259n m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r, fikirl\u0259r elmin insan\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131nda oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcsb\u0259t rolundan, insan\u0131 d\u00fcnyadan x\u0259b\u0259rdar etm\u0259sind\u0259n, elmi yenilikl\u0259r, ixtiralar, m\u0259kt\u0259bxanalar, gimnaziyalar, universitetl\u0259r haqq\u0131nda, ba\u015fqa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr edil\u0259n q\u0259zetl\u0259r haqq\u0131nda da m\u0259lumat verilirdi.<\/p>\n
T\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, 1877-ci il sentyabr\u0131n 29-da (N20) \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201dnin \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 sonuncu 56-c\u0131 n\u00f6mr\u0259si burax\u0131ld\u0131 v\u0259 q\u0259zet ba\u011fland\u0131. Qubernator D.Staroselskinin i\u015f yerini d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar onun Bak\u0131dan getm\u0259si v\u0259 \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 Z\u0259rdabini ist\u0259m\u0259y\u0259n, ona q\u0259r\u0259zli m\u00fcnasib\u0259t b\u0259sl\u0259y\u0259n, fitn\u0259kar adamlar\u0131n t\u0259hriki il\u0259 \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201dnin ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 ist\u0259y\u0259n q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r \u00f6z m\u0259tl\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131lar. Lakin H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi \u0259min idi ki, \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201dnin s\u0259pdiyi ideya toxumlar\u0131 gec-tez c\u00fcc\u0259rib, onun yolunun davam\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kimi yeni n\u0259\u015frl\u0259rin yaranmas\u0131na i\u015f\u0131q sa\u00e7acaq.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6y\u00fck maarif\u00e7i, na\u015fir, jurnalist, publisist, t\u0259bi\u0259t\u015f\u00fcnas, torpaq\u015f\u00fcnas alim, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259timizin g\u00f6z\u0259l bilicisi H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn 10 ilini \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zetinin n\u0259\u015frinin m\u00fcbariz\u0259si v\u0259 d\u0259rcin\u0259 h\u0259sr ets\u0259 d\u0259, bu g\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 150 illik ke\u00e7ib-g\u0259l\u0259n yollara ayd\u0131nl\u0131q g\u0259tirib, qaranl\u0131q d\u00fcnyadan i\u015f\u0131qla\u015fan d\u00fcnyaya ilkin \u00e7\u0131raq yand\u0131r\u0131b, g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k n\u0259sill\u0259r\u0259 \u00f6rn\u0259k olub.<\/p>\n
H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi sonrak\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 yolunda \u00f6z \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 sadiq qalaraq xalq\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131, mill\u0259t f\u0259daisi kimi ad qazand\u0131. O, teatr\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259timizin, t\u0259hsilimizin inki\u015faf\u0131 yolunda b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131. V\u0259siyy\u0259ti is\u0259 bu oldu: \u201cM\u0259ni \u00e7ox sad\u0259 d\u0259fn edin, \u00fcz\u0259rimd\u0259 y\u0131\u011f\u0131lan pulu kas\u0131b balalar\u0131na v\u0259 onun t\u0259hsilin\u0259 s\u0259rf edin!\u201d<\/p>\n
Ruhun \u015fad olsun, ey b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t – mill\u0259t f\u0259daisi, dahi H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y!<\/p>\n
\u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zeti il\u0259 ba\u015flayan milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn 150 illik yubileyini q\u00fcrurla qeyd edir.<\/p>\n
Bayram\u0131n\u0131z m\u00fcbar\u0259k, \u0259ziz h\u0259mkarlar.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00c7i\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259r \u00f6z \u0259tri, sular \u00f6z ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015f\u0131q \u00f6z nuru il\u0259 d\u00fcnyaya ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu kimi, insan da yaln\u0131z \u00f6z sevgisi il\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131r, yarad\u0131r. Bu sevgini is\u0259 qoruyan b\u00f6y\u00fck q\u0259lbin ist\u0259k v\u0259 amal\u0131d\u0131r. 150 il \u0259vv\u0259l Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131na nur b\u0259x\u015f etm\u0259k arzular\u0131 il\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi (M\u0259likov) adl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131nan bir \u00fcr\u0259k parlad\u0131 bu V\u0259t\u0259nd\u0259 v\u0259 ana dilind\u0259 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30037,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[63,5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-31663","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-manset","8":"category-knd"},"yoast_head":"\n