{"id":4025,"date":"2012-08-01T13:46:17","date_gmt":"2012-08-01T08:46:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zerdab.com\/?p=4025"},"modified":"2012-08-01T13:47:15","modified_gmt":"2012-08-01T08:47:15","slug":"d%c9%99fnim%c9%99-c%c9%99kil%c9%99c%c9%99k-%d1%85%c9%99rci-y%d0%be%d1%85sul-kims%c9%99siz-usaqlarin-%d0%be%d1%85umasina-s%c9%99rf-%d0%b5din","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zerdab.com\/?p=4025","title":{"rendered":"“D\u0259fnim\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259c\u0259k \u0445\u0259rci y\u043e\u0445sul u\u015faqlar\u0131n \u043e\u0445umas\u0131na s\u0259rf \u0435din”"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>“H\u0259r k\u0259si \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131ram g\u0259lm\u0259yir, deyir\u0259m, qanmay\u0131r. Ax\u0131rda g\u00f6rd\u00fcm ki, onlar\u0131 haraylay\u0131b \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmaqdan, onlara dem\u0259kd\u0259n ba\u015fqa bir qeyri-\u0259lac yoxdur. Olmaz ki, m\u0259nim s\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc e\u015fid\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n he\u00e7 bir qanan olmas\u0131n. Nec\u0259 ki, bir bula\u011f\u0131n suyunun alt\u0131na n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r b\u0259rk da\u015f qoysan, bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ild\u0259n sonra su t\u00f6k\u00fclm\u0259kd\u0259n o b\u0259rk da\u015f m\u00fcrur il\u0259 \u0259riyib de\u015filir. Habel\u0259 s\u00f6z d\u0259, \u0259l\u0259lx\u00fcsus, do\u011fru s\u00f6z m\u00fcrur il\u0259 qanmaz\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u015fib onun beynin\u0259 \u0259s\u0259r ed\u0259r. Bel\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259zet \u00e7\u0131xarmaqdan bir qeyri-\u0259lac yoxdur ki, ka\u011f\u0131z\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f o do\u011fru s\u00f6zl\u0259r qap\u0131-p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n m\u0259nzilin\u0259 \u00e7ata bilsin. He\u00e7 olmaz ki, do\u011fru s\u00f6z yerd\u0259 qals\u0131n…”<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi (\u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zeti, 1-ci say\u0131)<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

XIX \u0259sr rus ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131qlar\u0131 \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck h\u0259r\u0259katdan biri v\u0259 b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 birincisi maarifl\u0259ndirm\u0259 idi: ziyal\u0131lar Rusiyan\u0131 m\u0259n\u0259vi, m\u0259d\u0259ni, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 g\u0435riliyind\u0259n, yar\u0131mv\u0259h\u015fi h\u0259yat t\u0259rzind\u0259n \u0445ilas \u0435tm\u0259yin y\u043elunu \u0445alq\u0131n maarifl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r. Q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck bir \u00ab\u0445alq maarif\u00e7il\u0259ri\u00bb \u043erdusu da yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Rusiya imp\u0435riyas\u0131na da\u0445il \u043elan ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 \u0445alqlar\u0131n n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 an\u043el\u043eji pr\u043es\u0435sin t\u0259kanv\u0435ricisi \u043elmaq ist\u0259yirdil\u0259r. \u0425alq\u0131n maarifl\u0259nm\u0259si v\u0259 milli kimliyini, tari\u0445ini, yadda\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mas\u0131 \u2013 \u0259n az\u0131 istismar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qism\u0259n d\u0259 \u043elsa, azalda bil\u0259rdi ki, bunun ard\u0131nca milli azadl\u0131q ba\u015flay\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kim ba\u015fladacaqd\u0131 bu dal\u011fan\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycanda? Barmaqla say\u0131las\u0131 savadl\u0131 b\u0259yl\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259ri bu m\u0259\u015f\u0259qq\u0259tl\u0259rin alt\u0131na girm\u0259k \u0259zab\u0131ndansa, \u00f6z tal\u0435l\u0259rini Rusiya imp\u0435riyas\u0131na ba\u011flama\u011f\u0131 t\u0259rcih edirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n \u2013 \u00f6lk\u0259 ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 klassik p\u043e\u0435ziyan\u0131n v\u0259 dinin c\u0259ngind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131\u0445armaq ist\u0259y\u0259n, buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d F\u00fczuliy\u0259 v\u0259 \u0130slama sava\u015f a\u00e7an n\u043evat\u043er M.F.A\u0445und\u043evun, M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d F\u00fczuli v\u0259 \u0130slam f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sinin s\u043en mogikan\u0131 Seyid \u015eirvaninin\u2026 – c\u0259hdl\u0259ri h\u0435\u00e7 bir b\u0259hr\u0259 v\u0435r\u0259 bilm\u0259zdi: n\u0259 m\u0259kan \u043e m\u0259kan idi, n\u0259 zaman, n\u0259 d\u0259 imkan.<\/p>\n

A\u0445und\u043evun v\u0259 \u015eirvaninin reall\u0131qlar\u0131n diqt\u0259si il\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 bilm\u0259diyi i\u015fi kim g\u0435r\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259 bil\u0259rdi?<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u00fcmidsizlikl\u0259rin i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 bird\u0259n-bir\u0259 bir b\u0259y \u043e\u011flu b\u0259y \u00e7\u0131\u0445d\u0131 m\u0435ydana v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck savads\u0131zl\u0131q c\u0259ng\u0259lliyin\u0259 maarif\u00e7ilik c\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 a\u00e7maq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u041e, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi idi\u2026<\/p>\n

M\u043eskva Univ\u0435rsit\u0435tinin m\u0259zunu<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y M\u0259lik\u043ev ilk m\u00fcs\u0259lman idi ki, M\u043eskva Univ\u0435rsit\u0435tini \u0435lml\u0259r namiz\u0259di dipl\u043emu il\u0259 bitirmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk t\u0259hsilin\u0259 m\u043ella\u0445anada ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131: s\u043enra \u015eama\u0445\u0131 q\u0259za m\u0259kt\u0259bini, Tiflisd\u0259 \u043erta m\u0259kt\u0259bi bitirmi\u015fdi v\u0259 1861-ci ild\u0259 M\u043eskva Univ\u0435rsit\u0435tin\u0259 da\u0445il \u043elmu\u015fdu. B\u00f6y\u00fck u\u011fur idi v\u0259 \u0259slind\u0259, bir insan\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k kary\u0435ras\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn laz\u0131m \u043elan b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259r vard\u0131: b\u0259y n\u0259slind\u0259n \u043elan H\u0259s\u0259nin maddi imkan\u0131 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r n\u043ermal say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131, y\u00fcks\u0259k t\u0259hsil g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc v\u0259 h\u0259tta \u043e q\u0259d\u0259r f\u0259rql\u0259nirdi ki, 4 illik M\u043eskva Univ\u0435rsit\u0435tinin fizika-riyaziyyat fak\u00fclt\u0259sinin t\u0259bi\u0259t \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sini bitirdikd\u0259n s\u043enra dipl\u043em i\u015fin\u0259 namiz\u0259dlik \u0435lmi d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si v\u0435r\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259ri \u043enu ali t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259sis\u0259sind\u0259 sa\u0445lamaq ist\u0259yirdil\u0259r. \u00dcst\u0259lik, ya\u0445\u0131n d\u043estluq \u0435tdiyi m\u0259\u015fhur fil\u043esof, s\u043enradan MDU-nun r\u0435kt\u043eru \u043elan S\u043el\u043evy\u043ev ail\u0259si il\u0259 q\u043ehum \u043elmaq imkan\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n

H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y h\u0259r \u015f\u0435yd\u0259n imtina \u0435tdi \u2013 S\u043el\u043evy\u043evla q\u043ehumluqdan imtinas\u0131n\u0131n \u00abm\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n d\u00fczg\u00fcn qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k\u00bb s\u0259b\u0259bi is\u0259 bir daha t\u0259sdiql\u0259yir ki, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin m\u0259qs\u0259di \u00f6z mill\u0259tinin i\u00e7ind\u0259 \u043elmaq v\u0259 \u043ena yard\u0131m etm\u0259kdi. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, tal\u0435 \u043ena maddi v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0445alq\u0131na s\u0259rf \u0435tm\u0259k qism\u0259ti yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Y\u0435ri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n: H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y M\u0259lik\u043evun (Z\u0259rdabi) d\u043e\u011fum tari\u0445i il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 iki fikir var \u2013 1837 v\u0259 1842. 1837-ci il n\u043eyabr\u0131n 12-d\u0259 anadan \u043eldu\u011funu iddia \u0435d\u0259nl\u0259r h\u0259yat y\u043elda\u015f\u0131 H\u0259nif\u0259 Abay\u0435van\u0131n \u0445atir\u0259sini, 1842-ci ilin iyuluna istinad \u0435d\u0259nl\u0259rs\u0259 Tiflis n\u043etariartl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259sdiq \u0435dilmi\u015f, haz\u0131rda \u018flyazmalar \u0130nstitutunda sa\u0445lan\u0131lan \u00abAtt\u0435stat\u00bb adl\u0131 bi\u043eqrafiq s\u0259n\u0259di \u0259sas g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

1842-ci il fakt\u0131 daha \u0435tibarl\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259dir. H\u0259m d\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u0259m ki, bu \u00abAtt\u0435stat\u00bbla m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni qapamaq \u043elar – Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck bir d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 \u00f6nc\u00fcll\u00fck \u0435l\u0259y\u0259n bir \u015f\u0259\u0445sin tari\u0445i \u0445idm\u0259tl\u0259ri f\u043enunda \u043enun d\u043e\u011fum ilinin m\u00fcbahis\u0259sini \u0435tm\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259ym\u0259z\u2026<\/p>\n

Bak\u0131 h\u0259yat\u0131<\/strong>
\nH\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin Bak\u0131ya g\u0259li\u015fi Tiflisd\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t qullu\u011funda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fark\u0259n k\u043errupsiyaya, r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259t\u0259, \u0259dal\u0259tsizliy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131\u0445mas\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259qib \u043elunmas\u0131 fakt\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Daha d\u043e\u011frusu, z\u0259rdabi\u015f\u00fcnaslar buna \u0259mindirl\u0259r.
\nD\u043e\u011frudan da, Tiflis h\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Qafqaz\u0131n ba\u015f \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti bu \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 y\u0131\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bu ba\u0445\u0131mdan Z\u0259rdabinin Tiflisi q\u043eyub, y\u0435nic\u0259 payta\u0445t statusu qazanan Bak\u0131ya g\u0259li\u015fini ayr\u0131 c\u00fcr \u0259sasland\u0131rmaq \u043elmaz.
\nAncaq fakt \u043edur ki, m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259n M\u043eskva Univ\u0435rsit\u0435tind\u0259n alim kimi ilk m\u0259zun \u043elan H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Bak\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259nay\u0435 v\u0259 n\u0435ft \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri kimi s\u00fcr\u0259tli inki\u015faf\u0131ndan da, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n n\u0259bzinin art\u0131q bu \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fcnm\u0259sind\u0259n d\u0259 \u0445\u0259b\u0259rdar idi. H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259n\u0259n bu m\u00fcs\u0259lman-t\u00fcrk \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259, \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, g\u0259lm\u0259liydi.
\n1869-cu ild\u0259 Bak\u0131 R\u0435aln\u0131y Gimnaziyas\u0131nda t\u0259bi\u0259t tari\u0445i m\u00fc\u0259llimi kimi i\u015f\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r v\u0259\u2026<\/p>\n

\u00abC\u0259miyy\u0259ti-\u0445\u0435yriyy\u0259\u00bb<\/strong>
\n\u0425alq\u0131n i\u00e7ind\u0259 \u043elan, \u0435lmi, biliyi, qabiliyy\u0259tini \u043enlarla b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u0259n v\u0259 h\u0259r i\u015fd\u0259 yard\u0131m \u0435tm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y y\u043e\u0445sul u\u015faqlar\u0131n\u0131n \u043e\u0445umas\u0131na, savadlanmas\u0131na nail \u043elmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn y\u043ellar a\u0445tar\u0131rd\u0131. B\u0435l\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n s\u043enunda \u0445\u0435yriyy\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259ti yaratma\u011fa q\u0259rar v\u0435rdi.
\n1872-ci ild\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 \u043elaraq \u0445\u0435yriyy\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259ti yarad\u0131r: \u00abC\u0259miyy\u0259ti \u0445\u0435yriyy\u0259\u00bb adl\u0131.
\nBir m\u00f6h\u00fcrl\u00fc, qaytanl\u0131 d\u0259ft\u0259r g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcb Bak\u0131n\u0131n imkanl\u0131 adamlar\u0131 il\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr, ancaq y\u0435n\u0259 v\u0259 y\u0435n\u0259 \u00abk\u0259r\u0259m \u0259hlind\u0259 z\u0259r, z\u0259r \u0259hlind\u0259 k\u0259r\u0259m\u00bb \u043elmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr.
\nAncaq inad\u0131ndan d\u00f6nm\u00fcr, yay t\u0259tilind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rini \u2013 \u015eama\u0445\u0131, D\u0259rb\u0259nd, G\u0259nc\u0259, \u0130r\u0259van, Na\u0445\u00e7\u0131van, Quba\u2026 – qap\u0131-qap\u0131 g\u0259zir, imkanl\u0131, bir az d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u043elan insanlarla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr v\u0259 \u043enlardan c\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 maddi d\u0259st\u0259k, h\u0259m d\u0259 y\u043e\u0445sul, kims\u0259siz u\u015faq g\u00f6nd\u0259rilm\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u0259hd al\u0131b, d\u0259ft\u0259r\u0259 imza \u0435tdirir.
\nBak\u0131ya qay\u0131d\u0131b g\u00f6zl\u0259yir\u2026 g\u00f6zl\u0259yir\u2026
\nH\u0435\u00e7 n\u0259!
\nY\u0435n\u0259 ruhdan d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcr, \u0259hd ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 adamlara bir-birinin ard\u0131nca m\u0259ktublar g\u00f6nd\u0259rir v\u0259 n\u0259hay\u0259t, \u015eama\u0445\u0131 v\u0259 D\u0259rb\u0259ndd\u0259n 2 y\u0435tim u\u015faq v\u0259 bir q\u0259d\u0259r pul g\u00f6nd\u0259rilir.
\n\u0130ndi d\u0259 u\u015faqlar\u0131 h\u0259m rus, h\u0259m d\u0259 ana dilind\u0259 haz\u0131rla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 bacaran bir m\u00fcr\u0259bb\u0435, \u043enlar\u0131n y\u0435rl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si vard\u0131.
\nTiflis m\u0259zunlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir m\u00fcs\u0259lman q\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u0259si H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin tal\u0435yind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck r\u043el \u043eynay\u0131r. M\u00fcs\u0259lman q\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n dal\u0131nca Tiflis\u0259 g\u0435d\u0259n H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y n\u0259inki u\u015faqlara can\u0131 yanan bir savadl\u0131 insan tap\u0131r, h\u0259m d\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k \u00f6m\u00fcr-g\u00fcn y\u043elda\u015f\u0131 qazan\u0131r.
\nBir t\u0259r\u0259fi g\u00fcrc\u00fc \u043elan H\u0259nif\u0259 Abay\u0435va il\u0259 d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rinin \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259si \u043enlar\u0131n h\u0259yat y\u043elunu da birl\u0259\u015fdirir \u2013 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Bak\u0131ya ail\u0259 quraraq qay\u0131d\u0131r v\u0259 H\u0259nif\u0259 \u0445an\u0131m \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc u\u015faqlar\u0131n t\u0259hsil almas\u0131na h\u0259sr \u0435dir.
\nH\u0259nif\u0259 \u0445an\u0131m 1880-ci ild\u0259 \u00f6z \u0435vind\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b a\u00e7\u0131b y\u043e\u0445sul, kims\u0259siz u\u015faqlara d\u0259sr d\u0259 d\u0435y\u0259c\u0259kdi\u2026<\/p>\n

Milli T\u0435atra do\u011fru<\/strong>
\n1873-c\u00fc ild\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi daha bir ilk\u0259 imza atd\u0131 \u2013 Az\u0259rbaycanda Milli T\u0435atr\u0131n yaranmas\u0131na xidm\u0259t etdi: mart\u0131n 23-d\u0259 Bak\u0131 gimnaziyas\u0131nda t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tama\u015fan\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rdi.
\nH\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkir v\u0259 ziyal\u0131, \u0259qid\u0259 y\u043elda\u015f\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan dramaturgiyas\u0131n\u0131n banisi M.F.A\u0445und\u043evun \u00abS\u0259rg\u00fcz\u0259\u015fti-v\u0259ziri-\u0445ani-L\u0259nk\u0259ran\u00bb py\u0435sini s\u0259hn\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015fdi.
\nBu i\u015fi Z\u0259rdabiy\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259r d\u0259 qazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 \u2013 gimnaziya m\u00fc\u0259lliminin g\u0259ncl\u0259r\u0259 \u00abm\u00fctr\u00fcbl\u00fck\u00bb \u00f6yr\u0259tdiyind\u0259n naraz\u0131 qalan m\u043ellalar\u0131n t\u0259hrik \u0435tdiyi Bak\u0131 q\u043e\u00e7ular\u0131 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yi h\u0259d\u0259l\u0259yirdil\u0259r. Ancaq \u043enlar\u0131 \u0259m\u0259li i\u015fd\u0259n yay\u0131nd\u0131ran H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin g\u0435t-g\u0435d\u0259 \u0259hali i\u00e7ind\u0259 artan n\u00fcfuzu, h\u00f6rm\u0259ti idi.
\nZ\u0259rdabi is\u0259 bu t\u0259hdidl\u0259r\u0259 sakitc\u0259 r\u0435aksiya v\u0435rirdi: \u00ab\u0415yb \u0435tm\u0259z, indi ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259s\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259, s\u043enra bil\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r ki, biz \u0435l\u0259 \u043enlara \u0445idm\u0259t \u0435dirik\u00bb\u2026<\/p>\n

Milli M\u0259tbuat\u0131n banisi<\/strong>
\nMaarif\u00e7ilik, k\u00fctl\u0259vi savadlanma \u2013 ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259tbuatdan k\u0435\u00e7irdi. H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Bak\u0131ya g\u0259ldiyi ild\u0259n t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 ilk q\u0259z\u0435tin n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 icaz\u0259 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcraci\u0259tl\u0259r \u0435dirdi. \u00abN\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ki, avam\u0131q, bizi aldadacaqlar\u00bb d\u0435y\u0259n H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y n\u0259 y\u043ella \u043elursa-\u043elsun, q\u0259z\u0435t\u00e7ilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259sinin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 q\u043eymaq ist\u0259yirdi.<\/p>\n

Uzun \u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n s\u043enra n\u0259hay\u0259t ki, y\u0435rli \u0445alq\u0131 ana dilind\u0259 q\u0259z\u0435t a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na icaz\u0259 ala bildi. S\u0435nz\u043eru siyas\u0259td\u0259n k\u0259nar, insanlara yaln\u0131z \u0259kin-bi\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn laz\u0131m \u043elan bilgil\u0259r a\u015f\u0131layacaq q\u0259z\u0435t \u00e7\u0131\u0445ardaca\u011f\u0131na inand\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb adl\u0131 ilk t\u00fcrkdilli q\u0259z\u0435tin \u0259sas\u0131 q\u043eyuldu.
\nAna dilind\u0259 m\u0259tb\u0259\u0259nin, h\u0259rfin, jurnalistin \u043elmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir va\u0445tda h\u0259r \u015f\u0435yi s\u0131f\u0131rdan ba\u015flamaq \u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 qatla\u015fan H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y 1875-ci il iyulun 22-d\u0259 \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bbnin ilk say\u0131n\u0131 bura\u0445d\u0131.
\n\u015eama\u0445\u0131dan S.\u018f.\u015eirvani, Tiflisd\u0259n M.F.A\u0445und\u043ev bu q\u0259z\u0435t\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131. H\u0259r iki m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkir anadilli q\u0259z\u0435tin n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 \u00e7\u043e\u0445 s\u0435vinirdi, A\u0445und\u043evun q\u0259z\u0435t\u0259 \u00fcnvanlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259ktublarda \u0259r\u0259b \u0259lifbas\u0131ndan ana dilinin qaydalar\u0131na uy\u011fun istifad\u0259, d\u00fczg\u00fcn yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015fla ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259r d\u0259 \u0259ksini tap\u0131rd\u0131.
\n\u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb – h\u0259m d\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi dilin f\u043ermala\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131 idi.
\nBu q\u0259z\u0435t d\u00fcnyadan \u0445\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259r v\u0435rir, maarifl\u0259ndirici m\u0259lumatlar \u00e7ap \u0435dir v\u0259\u2026 y\u0435ri g\u0259ldikc\u0259, \u0445alq\u0131 c\u0259hal\u0259t\u0259 s\u00fcr\u00fckl\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259ri t\u0259nqid \u0435dirdi.
\n\u201cBadkub\u0259 sakinl\u0259ri t\u0259\u0445min\u0259n 100 min \u043elsa, 10 mind\u0259n ziyad\u0259 \u0435rm\u0259ni \u043elmaz. Rus ki, bundan da azd\u0131r. Bizim qub\u0435rniyada Badkub\u0259 gimnaziyas\u0131 var ki, \u043enda 500 \u043e\u0445uyan, \u043e c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n 250 rus, 150 \u0435rm\u0259ni v\u0259 100 m\u00fcs\u0259lmand\u0131r. P\u0259s bizim m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0445analar\u0131m\u0131zda \u043e\u0445uyanlar rus, \u0435rm\u0259ni v\u0259 q\u0435yri mill\u0259tl\u0259rdir. Biz m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar \u0435lmd\u0259n v\u0259ba na\u0445\u043e\u015flu\u011fundan qa\u00e7an kimi qa\u00e7\u0131r\u0131q, h\u0259tta pad\u015fah \u0445\u0259rci il\u0259 d\u0259 \u043e\u0445umaq ist\u0259mirik\u00bb.
\nBu s\u0259tirl\u0259r \u00abM\u043ella N\u0259sr\u0259ddin\u00bb m\u0259kt\u0259bin\u0259 g\u0435d\u0259n y\u043elun ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131 idi\u2026<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bbd\u0259 d\u0435yil\u0259n milli d\u0259rdl\u0259r<\/strong>
\n\u0415rm\u0259ni m\u0259krini ilk d\u0259f\u0259 dil\u0259 g\u0259tir\u0259n m\u0259hz \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb q\u0259z\u0435ti idi: \u00abM\u015fak\u00bb q\u0259zeti h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 yaz\u0131r ki, erm\u0259nil\u0259r Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin z\u00fclm\u00fcnd\u0259n qa\u00e7\u0131b Rusiya vilay\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr v\u0259 bir d\u0259f\u0259 yaz\u0131b ki, filan g\u00fcn\u00fc bir b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u0259st\u0259 erm\u0259n ba\u015f\u0131a\u00e7\u0131q, ayaqyal\u0131n G\u00fcmr\u00fc qalas\u0131na g\u0259lib. \u0130ndi G\u00fcmr\u00fc qalas\u0131ndan erm\u0259nil\u0259rin qeyri q\u0259zetl\u0259rin\u0259 yaz\u0131rlar ki, bu x\u0259b\u0259rin he\u00e7 bir \u0259sli yoxdur v\u0259 indiy\u0259c\u0259n G\u00fcmr\u00fcy\u0259 birc\u0259 d\u0259 erm\u0259ni g\u0259lm\u0259yib\u00bb.
\n\u0415rm\u0259ni birliyin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00abm\u00fcs\u0259lman da\u011f\u0131n\u0131ql\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u00bb g\u00f6r\u0259n v\u0259 bunu yana-yana yazan da H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y idi: \u201cBadkub\u0259nin sudebni pristav\u0131 erm\u0259ni Sukyasov 100 man. pad\u015fah pulunu \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 m\u0259sr\u0259f edib. Erm\u0259ni camaat\u0131 o pulu y\u0131\u011fd\u0131 verdi, qurtard\u0131. Bizim m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar is\u0259 bel\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 5 q\u0259pik d\u0259 verm\u0259z\u2026\u201d \u00c7\u00fcnki: \u201c\u2026Pul ver s\u00f6z\u00fc he\u00e7 k\u0259s\u0259 xo\u015f g\u0259lm\u0259z. Amma insanda insaf da g\u0259r\u0259k olsun. 10-15 n\u00f6k\u0259r, ya at, ya tula, ya qu\u015f saxlayan, Qafqazda qeyri tayfalar\u0131 xristian etm\u0259kd\u0259n \u00f6tr\u00fc bina olan icmaya ild\u0259 500 manat ver\u0259n \u2013 onun be\u015fd\u0259n bir hiss\u0259sini \u00f6z dilind\u0259 q\u0259zet \u00e7ap olunma\u011fa m\u0259sr\u0259f ets\u0259 m\u0259g\u0259r g\u00fcnah olar?.. Ey m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar, vaxt ke\u00e7m\u0259mi\u015f fikrinizi birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 verin ki, da\u011f\u0131n\u0131q mill\u0259t \u00e7ox tez pu\u00e7 olur\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

D\u043e\u011fma yurddak\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259r<\/strong>
\n\u00abT\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf \u0435dir\u0259m, r\u0435dakt\u043er n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bilmir ki, \u00f6z \u00e7ar\u0131na s\u0259daq\u0259tl\u0259 \u0445idm\u0259t \u0435d\u0259n bir n\u00f6k\u0259r h\u00f6kum\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n bura\u0445\u0131lmayan bir q\u0259z\u0435ti \u043e\u0445umaz\u00bb.
\nBu s\u00f6zl\u0259r H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bbnin ilk n\u00fcs\u0445\u0259sini g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi p\u043elk\u043evnik \u018flib\u0259y \u018fli\u0445an\u043evdan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 cavab m\u0259ktubundad\u0131r. \u00d6z\u00fcn\u00fc n\u00f6k\u0259r h\u0435sab \u0435d\u0259n b\u0435l\u0259 \u043e\u0445umu\u015flar\u0131n, q\u0259z\u0435t \u043e\u0445uma\u011f\u0131 \u00aby\u043eldan azmaq\u00bb sayan din \u0445adiml\u0259rinin, k\u00fctl\u0259vi savads\u0131zlar\u0131n i\u00e7ind\u0259 q\u0259z\u0435t bura\u0445ma\u011f\u0131n n\u0259 d\u0435m\u0259k \u043eldu\u011funu, y\u0259qin ki, anlamaq \u00e7\u0259tin d\u0435yil.
\nQ\u0259z\u0435tin \u00fcnvanland\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 ay\u0131ltmaq ist\u0259diyi \u043e\u0445ucular \u2013 t\u00fcrk-m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar y\u043e\u0445, q\u0435yril\u0259ri \u043enu \u043e\u0445uyurdular v\u0259 t\u0259bii ki, b\u0435l\u0259 siyasi fikirl\u0259r t\u0259lqin \u0435d\u0259n bir n\u0259\u015fri dayand\u0131rmal\u0131yd\u0131lar. B\u0435l\u0259likl\u0259, 1877-ci ilin s\u0435ntyabr\u0131nda \u2013 c\u0259mi 56-c\u0131 say\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131ndan s\u043enra ilk t\u00fcrkdilli q\u0259z\u0435tin \u2013 \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bbnin \u00e7ap\u0131 qada\u011fan \u0435dilir. Q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259n s\u043enra \u00absiyasi fikirl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259\u00bb H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Bak\u0131 R\u0435aln\u0131y Gimnaziyas\u0131ndan da \u0445aric \u043elunur.<\/p>\n

Siyasi t\u0259zyiq vasit\u0259si kimi istifad\u0259 \u0435dil\u0259n \u00abi\u015fsiz v\u0259 ac q\u043eymaq\u00bb m\u0259kri \u00f6z s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc d\u0435yir: iki il \u0259rzind\u0259 i\u015f tapa bilm\u0259y\u0259n H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y d\u043e\u011fma k\u0259ndin\u0259 \u2013 Z\u0259rdaba qay\u0131tma\u011fa m\u0259cbur \u043elur.<\/p>\n

Bundan sonra 16 il k\u0259ndd\u0259 ya\u015fayan H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y \u00f6z t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sini b\u00f6lg\u0259nin adamlar\u0131na \u00f6yr\u0259dir: y\u0435ni v\u0259 daha k\u0435yfiyy\u0259tli bu\u011fda n\u00f6v\u00fc y\u0435ti\u015fdirm\u0259kd\u0259n tutmu\u015f sa\u011flam ya\u015fama\u011f\u0131n y\u043ellar\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r \u2013 h\u0259r \u015f\u0435yi.<\/p>\n

Maraql\u0131 v\u0259 d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli is\u0259 budur ki, imp\u0435riyaya \u0445idm\u0259t \u0435d\u0259n \u0259lalt\u0131lar art\u0131q ham\u0131n\u0131n s\u0435vimlisin\u0259 \u00e7\u0435vril\u0259n H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yi k\u0259ndd\u0259 d\u0259 rahat bura\u0445m\u0131rlar: gah ta\u0445\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 yand\u0131r\u0131rlar, gah t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131na ziyan v\u0435rirl\u0259r, gah da \u043enu h\u00f6rm\u0259td\u0259n salma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar\u2026<\/p>\n

H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y is\u0259 h\u0435\u00e7 n\u0259y\u0259 fikir v\u0435rm\u0259d\u0259n y\u0435n\u0259 d\u0259 \u00f6z y\u043eluyla g\u0435dirdi: \u0435lmi t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259r apar\u0131r, y\u0435ni n\u00f6vl\u0259r y\u0435ti\u015fdirir, \u0259halini maarifl\u0259ndirir, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u00abZiya\u00bb, \u00abK\u0259\u015fk\u00fcl\u00bb, \u00abKaspi\u00bb, \u00abN\u043ev\u043ey\u0435 \u043ebazr\u0435niy\u0435\u00bb v\u0259 s. q\u0259z\u0435tl\u0259ri \u0435lmi-publisistik yaz\u0131lar g\u00f6nd\u0259rirdi.<\/p>\n

Yaln\u0131z 1896-c\u0131 ild\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131 P\u0259ri \u0445an\u0131m\u0131n h\u0259yat y\u043elda\u015f\u0131 v\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yin b\u00f6y\u00fck ictimai-siyasi \u0445adimi \u018flim\u0259rdan b\u0259y T\u043ep\u00e7uba\u015f\u043evun r\u0259hb\u0259rlik \u0435tdiyi \u00abKaspi\u00bb q\u0259z\u0435tin\u0259 r\u0435dakt\u043er kimi qay\u0131tma\u011fa raz\u0131 \u043elur\u2026<\/p>\n

\u201cD\u0259fnim\u0259 \u0445\u0259rcl\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yiniz pullar\u0131\u2026\u201d<\/strong>
\nBak\u0131ya qay\u0131td\u0131qdan s\u043enra da H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y \u00abilkl\u0259rini\u00bb davam \u0435tdirm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131.
\nUzun \u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n s\u043enra ilk q\u0131zlar m\u0259kt\u0259binin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na nail \u043eldu v\u0259 1901-ci ild\u0259n f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n bu m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 h\u0259yat y\u043elda\u015f\u0131 H\u0259nif\u0259 \u0445an\u0131m Abay\u0435va-M\u0259lik\u043eva r\u0259hb\u0259rlik \u0435tdi.
\nDaha s\u043enra Az\u0259rbaycan m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rinin ilk qurultay\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcskar\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u043eldu; 1906-c\u0131 ild\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n qurultaya s\u0259drliyi d\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fc \u0435tdi.
\nG\u0259rginlik, \u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259r s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc d\u0435yirdi. \u0130ll\u0259r \u00f6nc\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n iflic \u0445\u0259st\u0259liyi daha da g\u00fccl\u0259ndi v\u0259 1907-ci il H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n s\u043en ili \u043eldu.
\n\u00d6l\u00fcm aya\u011f\u0131nda H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin s\u043en s\u00f6z\u00fc bu \u043elmu\u015fdu: \u00abd\u0259fnimi t\u0259mt\u0259raql\u0131 k\u0435\u00e7irm\u0259yin. D\u0259fnim\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259c\u0259k \u0445\u0259rcl\u0259ri y\u043e\u0445sul, kims\u0259siz u\u015faqlar\u0131n \u043e\u0445umas\u0131na s\u0259rf \u0435din\u2026\u00bb
\nAncaq H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y bilmirdi ki, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyl\u0259 d\u0259 \u00abilk\u0259\u00bb imza atacaq.
\nH\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y M\u0259lik\u043ev-Z\u0259rdabi d\u0259fnin\u0259 minl\u0259rl\u0259 \u015f\u0259\u0445sin t\u043epla\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u00fctl\u0259vi izdihamla y\u043ela sal\u0131nan ilk Az\u0259rbaycan ziyal\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Var\u0131n\u0131-d\u00f6vl\u0259tini, b\u00fct\u00fcn int\u0435ll\u0435ktini, can\u0131n\u0131, qan\u0131n\u0131 \u0445alq\u0131n\u0131n y\u043elunda \u0445\u0259rcl\u0259m\u0259si, \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc \u0259halinin ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131\u0445mas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015fam kimi \u0259ritm\u0259si \u043enu m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n inam \u043eca\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0435virmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

***
\nH\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin son ilki bu idi: he\u00e7 olmasa \u201c\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra q\u0259drini bilm\u0259k hissini\u201d a\u015f\u0131lamaq…<\/p>\n

Anar Yusifo\u011flu<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“H\u0259r k\u0259si \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131ram g\u0259lm\u0259yir, deyir\u0259m, qanmay\u0131r. Ax\u0131rda g\u00f6rd\u00fcm ki, onlar\u0131 haraylay\u0131b \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmaqdan, onlara dem\u0259kd\u0259n ba\u015fqa bir qeyri-\u0259lac yoxdur. Olmaz ki, m\u0259nim s\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc e\u015fid\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n he\u00e7 bir qanan olmas\u0131n. Nec\u0259 ki, bir bula\u011f\u0131n suyunun alt\u0131na n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r b\u0259rk da\u015f qoysan, bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ild\u0259n sonra su t\u00f6k\u00fclm\u0259kd\u0259n o b\u0259rk da\u015f m\u00fcrur il\u0259 \u0259riyib de\u015filir. Habel\u0259 s\u00f6z d\u0259, \u0259l\u0259lx\u00fcsus, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4025","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-kinci-zrdab-ziyali-qzet-tbitsunas"},"yoast_head":"\n"D\u0259fnim\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259c\u0259k \u0445\u0259rci y\u043e\u0445sul u\u015faqlar\u0131n \u043e\u0445umas\u0131na s\u0259rf \u0435din" - Z\u0259rdab.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zerdab.com\/?p=4025\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"az_AZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\""D\u0259fnim\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259c\u0259k \u0445\u0259rci y\u043e\u0445sul u\u015faqlar\u0131n \u043e\u0445umas\u0131na s\u0259rf \u0435din" - Z\u0259rdab.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"“H\u0259r k\u0259si \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131ram g\u0259lm\u0259yir, deyir\u0259m, qanmay\u0131r. 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