{"id":486,"date":"2012-02-13T17:56:17","date_gmt":"2012-02-13T13:56:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zerdab.com\/?p=486"},"modified":"2012-02-13T17:56:17","modified_gmt":"2012-02-13T13:56:17","slug":"h%c9%99s%c9%99n-b%c9%99y-z%c9%99rdabi-xalq-yaradiciliginin-bilicisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zerdab.com\/?p=486","title":{"rendered":"H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi – xalq yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilicisi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Xalq\u0131n milli yadda\u015f\u0131nda \u0259b\u0259di iz buraxan \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri ya\u015fadan onlar\u0131n m\u0259nsub olduqlar\u0131 mill\u0259t\u0259, xalqa, do\u011fulub b\u00f6y\u00fcd\u00fckl\u0259ri v\u0259t\u0259n\u0259 olan t\u0259m\u0259nnas\u0131z xidm\u0259tl\u0259ridir. Bel\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n biri H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y S\u0259lim b\u0259y o\u011flu M\u0259likov (Z\u0259rdabi) olmu\u015fdur.
\n1842-ci ild\u0259 q\u0259dim G\u00f6y\u00e7ay q\u0259zas\u0131n\u0131n Z\u0259rdab k\u0259ndind\u0259 (indiki Z\u0259rdabda) maarifp\u0259rv\u0259r ail\u0259d\u0259 anadan olmu\u015f H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y \u015eamax\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f rus m\u0259kt\u0259bind\u0259 t\u0259hsil alm\u0131\u015f, sonra istedad\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t hesab\u0131na I Tiflis gimnaziyas\u0131na oxuma\u011fa g\u00f6nd\u0259rilmi\u015fdir. 1860-c\u0131 ild\u0259 gimnaziyan\u0131 bitir\u0259n H. B. Z\u0259rdabi Moskva Universiteti fizika-riyaziyyat fak\u00fclt\u0259sinin t\u0259bi\u0259t\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131q \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259bul olunmu\u015fdur. 1865-ci ild\u0259 ali m\u0259kt\u0259bi \u0259la qiym\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 bitirmi\u015f Z\u0259rdabiy\u0259 elmi \u015furan\u0131n q\u0259rar\u0131 il\u0259 n\u00fcmun\u0259vi \u0259xlaq\u0131na v\u0259 \u0259la m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t elml\u0259ri namiz\u0259di elmi d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si verilmi\u015fdir.
\n“C\u0259hal\u0259t girdab\u0131nda bo\u011fulan” xalq\u0131na k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259k ist\u0259yi il\u0259 ya\u015fayan Z\u0259rdabi Qubada, Bak\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 1869-cu ild\u0259n Bak\u0131 real gimnaziyas\u0131nda t\u0259bi\u0259t tarixi f\u0259nnini t\u0259dris etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, 1872-ci ild\u0259 “Xeyriyy\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259ti”nin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoymu\u015fdur.
\nMilli elm tariximizd\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t\u015f\u00fcnas kimi tan\u0131nan Z\u0259rdabi “Torpaq, su v\u0259 hava”, “B\u0259d\u0259ni salamat saxlamaq d\u00fcsur\u00fcl \u0259m\u0259lidir”, “S\u00fcm\u00fck, \u0259t, beyin”, “\u0130nsan b\u0259d\u0259ninin floras\u0131”, “Orqanizmin yoluxucu mikroblara qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259si”, “S\u0259rxo\u015flu\u011fa qar\u015f\u0131 peyv\u0259nd” v\u0259 s. m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rini yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\nPedaqoji fikir tariximizd\u0259 g\u00f6rk\u0259mli maarif\u00e7i-pedaqoq, milli t\u0259hsil tariximizd\u0259 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rin ilk qurultay\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkilat\u00e7\u0131 v\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n biri olan H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi h\u0259m d\u0259 milli teatr tariximizd\u0259 ilk tama\u015falar\u0131n rejissoru kimi ictimai-m\u0259d\u0259ni fikir salnam\u0259mizd\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 yer tutmu\u015fdur. M\u0259tbuat tariximizd\u0259 onun rolu \u00e7ox\u015fax\u0259lidir: ana dilind\u0259 ilk m\u0259tbu orqan\u0131n t\u0259sis\u00e7isi, redaktoru, na\u015firi, d\u0259rin m\u0259zmunlu publisistik m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 orijinal b\u0259dii n\u0259sr n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rinin m\u00fc\u0259llifi…
\nH. B. Z\u0259rdabi filosof v\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t\u015f\u00fcnas kimi m\u0259\u015fhur olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 milli m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259timizi duyan v\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndir\u0259n bir s\u0259n\u0259t\u015f\u00fcnas-m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t\u015f\u00fcnas olmu\u015fdur. Tale h\u0259r k\u0259s\u0259 bir tarixi xo\u015fb\u0259xtlik n\u0259sib etmi\u015fdir. H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin h\u0259yat\u0131 v\u0259 geni\u015f miqyasda f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015fl\u0131q g\u00f6st\u0259rir: Z\u0259rdabiy\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131q tarixind\u0259 \u00e7ox az \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t\u0259 qism\u0259t olan tarixi xidm\u0259tl\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k \u015f\u0259r\u0259fi n\u0259sib olmu\u015fdur.
\nBunlardan biri q\u0259zet n\u0259\u015fr etm\u0259k idi. Xalq\u0131 oyadan, bir t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr sahibinin bilik v\u0259 m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259ks etdir\u0259n q\u0259lb-q\u0259l\u0259m m\u0259hsulu vasit\u0259sil\u0259 oxuyanlar\u0131\u00a0 maarifl\u0259ndir\u0259n, tarixi t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259ni yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259\u015fdirib t\u0259bli\u011f ed\u0259n, oxucular\u0131n\u0131 xarici al\u0259ml\u0259 ba\u011flayan, c\u0259miyy\u0259tin inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131 l\u0259ngid\u0259n amill\u0259ri t\u0259nqid ed\u0259n, xalq\u0131n ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bir-birin\u0259 tan\u0131d\u0131b yax\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131ran, tarixi d\u00f6vr\u00fc salnam\u0259l\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n q\u0259dim maarif\u00e7i-demokratlar n\u0259slinin yeni n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rinin formala\u015fmas\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm faktor olmu\u015fdur. H.B.Z\u0259rdabinin m\u00fch\u0259rrirlik f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti, pedaqoji sah\u0259d\u0259 g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fc i\u015fl\u0259r, ictimai xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 bir s\u0131rada xalq yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 haqq\u0131nda fikir v\u0259 m\u00fclahiz\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 \u00f6n\u0259mli d\u0259y\u0259r k\u0259sb edir.<\/p>\n

“Mahn\u0131lar… mill\u0259ti birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 bais” vasit\u0259
\nZ\u0259ngin xalq yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ri il\u0259 se\u00e7il\u0259n ail\u0259 m\u00fchitind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u0259n H.B.Z\u0259rdabi \u0259cn\u0259bi dild\u0259 t\u0259hsil ill\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259nsub oldu\u011fu xalq\u0131n milli m\u0259n\u0259vi s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259rini x\u0259lqilik v\u0259 b\u0259\u015f\u0259rilik parametrl\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259li \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 daha d\u0259rind\u0259n d\u0259rk etmi\u015fdir.
\nFolklor\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131qda bel\u0259 bir fikir m\u00f6vcuddur: xalq\u0131n t\u0259bi\u0259tinin z\u0259nginliyi onun \u015fifahi \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n janrlar sisteminin z\u0259nginliyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sasd\u0131r. Bu fikir H.B.Z\u0259rdabi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259l\u0259 XIX \u0259srin sonlar\u0131nda bel\u0259 ifad\u0259 olunmu\u015fdur: bizim Qafqaz m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131na he\u00e7 bir yaz\u0131 v\u0259 dil il\u0259 deyil\u0259n s\u00f6z o q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259s\u0259r etm\u0259z, nec\u0259 ki, \u015feir il\u0259 deyil\u0259n s\u00f6z. \u018fl\u0259lx\u00fcsus n\u0259\u011fm\u0259l\u0259r il\u0259 ki, xo\u015f s\u00f6vt il\u0259 oxunur. “Qafqaz\u0131n yerl\u0259rinin xasiyy\u0259ti bel\u0259dir. Bizim c\u0259nn\u0259tin bir gu\u015f\u0259sin\u0259 ox\u015fayan v\u0259t\u0259nimizin da\u011flar\u0131, \u00e7aylar\u0131, xo\u015f abi-havas\u0131 v\u0259 h\u0259r bir c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n s\u0259fal\u0131 v\u0259 dilgu\u015f\u0259 olma\u011f\u0131 onun \u0259halisini cu\u015f\u0259 g\u0259tirib bu hala sal\u0131r”. “Xalq v\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q m\u00fchiti” m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sini bu s\u0259tirl\u0259r f\u0259ls\u0259fi v\u0259 t\u0259bii \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u00e7ox d\u0259qiq ayd\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. G\u00f6rk\u0259mli \u0259dib v\u0259 pedaqoq bir xalq yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilicisi t\u0259k \u015fifahi \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n mahn\u0131, na\u011f\u0131l v\u0259 atalar s\u00f6zl\u0259ri kimi janrlar\u0131n\u0131 toplam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. O, bu janrlar i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 mahn\u0131lara geni\u015f yer vermi\u015f, ma\u011fn\u0131lar\u0131n tarixi-ictimai, sosial-m\u0259d\u0259ni d\u0259y\u0259rini bel\u0259 s\u0259ciyy\u0259l\u0259ndirmi\u015fdir:
\n“H\u0259r tayfan\u0131n v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131q v\u0259 mill\u0259tin ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259 olan yaman v\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u0259rini \u015f\u0259rh ed\u0259n mahn\u0131lar\u0131 olur ki, bu mahn\u0131lar a\u011f\u0131zdan-a\u011f\u0131za d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcb mill\u0259ti birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 bais olur”.
\nDem\u0259li, Z\u0259rdabi mahn\u0131lar\u0131n k\u00fctl\u0259viliyini m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 etmi\u015f, mill\u0259ti birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259d\u0259 onun rolunu do\u011fru qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirmi\u015fdir. \u018fslind\u0259, t\u0259bi\u0259t\u015f\u00fcnas alim mahn\u0131lar\u0131n insanlar\u0131n maarifl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259, h\u0259yat, tarix, t\u0259bi\u0259t E haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat, obrazl\u0131 informasiya \u0259sas\u0131nda\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 bilik v\u0259 bacar\u0131\u011fa yiy\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini d\u0259 \u00e7ox h\u0259kiman\u0259 bir \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 izah etmi\u015fdir. O, bir el m\u00fcdriki kimi q\u0259l\u0259m m\u0259hsulunda yaz\u0131rd\u0131: “…yax\u015f\u0131 olard\u0131 ki, bizim \u015f\u00fc\u0259ralar bir-birini h\u0259cv v\u0259 m\u0259dh etm\u0259k \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259, zikr olan m\u0259zmunda mahn\u0131lar d\u00fcz\u0259ld\u0259ydil\u0259r ki, onlar a\u011f\u0131zdan-a\u011f\u0131za d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcb xalq\u0131 nadanl\u0131qdan danal\u0131\u011fa (alimliy\u0259 – \u015e.M.) t\u0259hrik etm\u0259y\u0259 bais olayd\u0131”.
\nH. B. Z\u0259rdabi mahn\u0131lara h\u0259l\u0259 “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zetinin n\u0259\u015fri zaman\u0131nda y\u00fcks\u0259k d\u0259y\u0259r vermi\u015fdi:
\n“\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zeti \u00e7\u0131xanda o vaxt\u0131n \u015fairl\u0259rind\u0259n t\u0259v\u0259qqe el\u0259mi\u015fdim b\u00fclb\u00fcl\u00fc v\u0259 g\u00fcl\u00fc t\u0259rif v\u0259 bir-birl\u0259rini h\u0259cv etm\u0259kd\u0259n \u0259l \u00e7\u0259kib elm t\u0259hsil etm\u0259yin n\u0259fl\u0259rind\u0259n v\u0259 biz m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlara olan z\u00fclml\u0259rin bar\u0259sind\u0259 \u015feirl\u0259r yaz\u0131b onlar\u0131 bizim a\u015f\u0131qlara xo\u015f s\u00f6vt il\u0259 oxuma\u011f\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259tsinl\u0259r ki, a\u015f\u0131qlar onlar\u0131 toylarda oxuyub \u0259halini oyatma\u011fa s\u0259b\u0259b olsunlar”.
\nG\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkir pedaqoq-alim xalq yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sl bilicisi kimi xalq\u0131n m\u0259n\u0259viyyat v\u0259 d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn formala\u015fmas\u0131 v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131q s\u0259n\u0259tinin rolunu y\u00fcks\u0259k d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirmi\u015f, a\u015f\u0131qlar\u0131n repertuar\u0131nda tarixi m\u0259zmunlu mahn\u0131lar\u0131n olmas\u0131n\u0131 vacib saym\u0131\u015f, bunu \u0259sasland\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\n“Bizim n\u0259\u011fm\u0259l\u0259rimiz” adl\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 H.B.Z\u0259rdabi \u015feirin v\u0259 musiqinin insan m\u0259n\u0259viyyat\u0131na, insan \u0259xlaq\u0131na t\u0259sirini \u00e7ox ayd\u0131n v\u0259 d\u0259qiq ifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k n\u0259\u011fm\u0259l\u0259rin toplan\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verirdi.
\nH.B.Z\u0259rdabi \u015fairl\u0259r\u0259 mahn\u0131lar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259tnl\u0259r yazma\u011f\u0131 t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, \u00f6z\u00fc m\u00f6vcud mahn\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 toplam\u0131\u015f, sistem\u0259 salaraq n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Xalq n\u0259\u011fm\u0259l\u0259rini toplay\u0131b Tiflis\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259r\u0259rk\u0259n H.B.Z\u0259rdabi iki m\u0259qs\u0259d izl\u0259mi\u015fdir: bu el s\u0259n\u0259ti n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rini \u00e7ap etdirib ya\u015fatmaq; \u00e7ap olunmu\u015f bu n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri Bak\u0131 m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rinin \u015fagirdl\u0259rin\u0259 oxumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn paylamaq.
\nV\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck maarifp\u0259rv\u0259r 1901-ci ild\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 “T\u00fcrk n\u0259\u011fm\u0259l\u0259ri m\u0259cmu\u0259si”ni n\u0259\u015fr etdir\u0259rk\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck f\u0259zil\u0259t v\u0259 milli h\u0259zz duymu\u015fdu. Bu, xalq musiqimizin toplan\u0131lmas\u0131, n\u0259\u015fri v\u0259 milli m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rimizin qorunub saxlanmas\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan tarixi-m\u0259d\u0259ni xidm\u0259tin \u0259n bariz n\u00fcmun\u0259si idi.
\n\u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, professor Pa\u015fa \u018ff\u0259ndiyevin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi, H. B. Z\u0259rdabi bir ne\u00e7\u0259 il m\u00fcdd\u0259tind\u0259 k\u00fclli miqdarda mahn\u0131 toplaya bilmi\u015f, “\u0259sas m\u0259zmunu u\u015faqlar\u0131 elm\u0259, t\u0259hsil\u0259, t\u0259r\u0259qqiy\u0259 h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259ndirm\u0259kd\u0259n ibar\u0259t” olan bu mahn\u0131lar 1901, 1903 v\u0259 1909-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u00e7ap olunmu\u015fdur.
\nN\u0259sill\u0259r\u0259 \u00f6rn\u0259k olan h\u0259yat yolu ke\u00e7mi\u015f, xalqa xidm\u0259ti \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn qay\u0259si bil\u0259r\u0259k geni\u015fmiqyasl\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131q, pedaqogika, \u0259d\u0259biyyat, f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259, publisistika sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 z\u0259ngin irs qoymu\u015f H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi M\u0259likov h\u0259m d\u0259 xalq yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilicisi olmu\u015f, mahn\u0131lara mill\u0259ti birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 bais vasit\u0259 kimi b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u0259y\u0259r vermi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

\u015e. M\u018fMM\u018fDOV, pedaqoji elml\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru, SDU-nun “Folklor\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131q”
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