{"id":6546,"date":"2013-01-17T14:37:38","date_gmt":"2013-01-17T10:37:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zerdab.com\/?p=6546"},"modified":"2013-01-17T18:44:42","modified_gmt":"2013-01-17T14:44:42","slug":"%c9%99kincinin-m%c9%99raminin-arxasinda-boyuk-m%c9%99qs%c9%99dl%c9%99r-gizl%c9%99nmisdi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zerdab.com\/?p=6546","title":{"rendered":"“\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin m\u0259ram\u0131n\u0131n arxas\u0131nda b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r gizl\u0259nmi\u015fdi”"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Ekinchi\"\u018fd\u0259bi t\u0259nqidimizin M.F.Axundovdan sonrak\u0131 m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259si \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb q\u0259zetinin \u00a0(1875-1877) v\u0259 onun na\u015firinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Ad\u0131ndan da g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb s\u0131rf \u0259d\u0259bi-b\u0259dii orqan deyildi. Onun m\u0259ram\u0131 yoxsulluq v\u0259 z\u00fclm girdab\u0131nda bo\u011fulan Az\u0259rbaycan k\u0259ndlisinin iqtisadi-sosial d\u0259rdl\u0259ri, t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatla ba\u011fl\u0131 qay\u011f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131rmaq idi. Ancaq bu zahir\u0259n bel\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcns\u0259 d\u0259 arxas\u0131nda daha b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r gizl\u0259nmi\u015fdi.<\/strong> \u00c7ar Rusiyas\u0131\u00a0Z\u0259rdabiy\u0259 ana dilind\u0259 q\u0259zet n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 icaz\u0259 ver\u0259rk\u0259n onun m\u0259hz \u00ab\u018fkin v\u0259 zira\u0259td\u0259n dan\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u00bb n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutmu\u015fdu. H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn is\u0259 bu daha \u00e7ox q\u0259zeti qoruyub saxlamaq vasit\u0259si idi. G\u00f6rk\u0259mli ictimai xadim M.\u018f.R\u0259sulzad\u0259 M.F.Axundovun xidm\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n b\u0259hs ed\u0259rk\u0259n H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin \u00abmilliyy\u0259t ik\u0259n mill\u0259t olmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131\u00bb prosesinin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. \u00abQonu\u015fdu\u011fu lisanda ilk q\u0259zet\u0259y\u0259 malik c\u0259miyy\u0259t bir milliyy\u0259t ik\u0259n mill\u0259t\u00a0olmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f dem\u0259kdi\u00bb. Dem\u0259li Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin mill\u0259t olma prosesinin ba\u015flanmas\u0131 \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bbnin v\u0259 onun na\u015firinin ad\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb q\u0259zetind\u0259n 1905-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r olan d\u00f6vr\u00a0(1875-1905) t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif adlarla adland\u0131r\u0131lsa da daha \u00e7ox Z\u0259rdabi\u00a0d\u00f6vr\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bbd\u0259n Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259rki d\u00f6vrd\u00fcr. B\u0259s bu d\u00f6vr hans\u0131 keyfiyy\u0259t d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri il\u0259 xarakteriz\u0259 olunur.
\n1. M.F.Axundovla \u0259d\u0259biyyatda ba\u015flanan Avropala\u015fma orientasiyas\u0131 t\u0259dric\u0259n\u00a0m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin ba\u015fqa sferalar\u0131na da n\u00fcfuz edir. H.Z\u0259rdabi maarif\u00e7ilik h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0\u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 ged\u0259r\u0259k ilk xeyriyy\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tinin, milli teatr\u0131n ana dilli m\u0259tbuat\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131\u00a0qoyur, t\u0259hsilin millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm add\u0131mlar at\u0131l\u0131r. H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y\u00a0Z\u0259rdabi \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n sonrak\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin \u0259sas istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rini, meyll\u0259rini\u00a0m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirir.
\n2. Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tini \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n q\u0259rbl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 meyli \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri\u00a0Rusiya \u0259sar\u0259tind\u0259 ya\u015fayan dig\u0259r m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n, t\u00fcrkdilli xalqlar\u0131n m\u0259d\u0259ni inki\u015faf\u0131na\u00a0t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 Rusiya m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259n\u00a0birin\u0259 \u00e7evirir. \u0130lk dram \u0259s\u0259rinin, ana dilind\u0259 realist n\u0259srin v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi t\u0259nqidin ard\u0131nca\u00a0\u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 ilk ana dilli q\u0259zet, ana dilind\u0259 teatr tama\u015fas\u0131, ilk milli \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u00a0tarixi d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda meydana g\u0259lir, \u0130smay\u0131l Qaspiral\u0131 v\u0259\u00a0\u00abT\u0259rc\u00fcman\u00bb fenomeni \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb q\u0259zetinin ard\u0131c\u0131l\u0131, davam\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olaraq, onun t\u0259siri\u00a0alt\u0131nda formala\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3. M\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259nin sonunda \u00fcmm\u0259t\u00e7ilikd\u0259n mill\u0259t\u00e7iliy\u0259 ke\u00e7id ba\u015f verir. Az\u0259rbaycanda ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u00abmill\u0259t\u00bb v\u0259 \u00abdin\u00bb m\u0259fhumlar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131ndak\u0131 f\u0259rq n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7arpd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Qafqazda ya\u015fayan m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n etnik m\u0259nsubiyy\u0259tinin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si yolunda ilk add\u0131mlar at\u0131l\u0131r. C\u0259miyy\u0259tin b\u00fct\u00fcn sah\u0259l\u0259rini b\u00fcr\u00fcy\u0259n maarif\u00e7ilik h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 mill\u0259tin v\u0259 milli \u015f\u00fcurun formala\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ndirir. H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi d\u00f6vr\u00fc \u018fli b\u0259y H\u00fcseynzad\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Milli ideologiyan\u0131n yaranmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u015fa \u00e7at\u0131r.
\n4. \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb q\u0259zetinin \u0130smay\u0131l Qaspiral\u0131ya, \u0130smay\u0131l Qaspiral\u0131n\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycan\u00a0m\u00fchitin\u0259, \u018f.H\u00fcseynzad\u0259, \u018f.Top\u00e7uba\u015fov v\u0259 \u018f. A\u011fao\u011fluna ikit\u0259r\u0259fli t\u0259siri ba\u015f verir.\u00a0\u0130lk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq \u0130smay\u0131l Qaspiral\u0131 80-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin bir mill\u0259t olmas\u0131, t\u00fcrk\u00a0birliyinin t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin milli t\u0259r\u0259qqisinin vacib \u015f\u0259rti olmas\u0131, \u00fcmumt\u00fcrk \u0259d\u0259bi dili\u00a0yaratmaq\u00bb – \u00abdild\u0259, fikird\u0259, i\u015fd\u0259 birlik\u00bb tezisini ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcr.
\n\u00c7ar Rusiyas\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti yerli l\u0259hc\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 inki\u015faf etdirm\u0259kl\u0259 rus olmayan\u00a0\u0259halini rusla\u015fd\u0131rmaq siyas\u0259ti \u0259ks n\u0259tic\u0259 verir: Bu siyas\u0259t milli \u015f\u00fcurun oyanmas\u0131na,\u00a0milli \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcd\u0259rkin g\u00fccl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r. Bundan sonra h\u00f6kum\u0259t var q\u00fcvv\u0259si il\u0259\u00a0ana dilind\u0259 maarifin, m\u0259tbuat\u0131n, t\u0259hsilin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 alma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu\u00a0milli ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kilik siyas\u0259ti 1905-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r x\u00fcsusi k\u0259skinlikl\u0259 davam edir.\u00a0Z\u0259rdabi m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sinin ba\u015f ideoloqu he\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz m\u00fcasirl\u0259rinin: \u00abZaqafqaziya\u00a0m\u00fcs\u0259lman ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llimi v\u0259 atas\u0131\u00bb adland\u0131rd\u0131qlar\u0131 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi idi.\u00a0Bu ba\u015f ideoloq v\u0259 onun m\u00fch\u0259rrirlik etdiyi \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb ilk anadilli m\u0259tbuat\u0131m\u0131z\u00a0kimi m\u0259nsub oldu xalq\u0131n m\u0259d\u0259ni t\u0259r\u0259qqisin\u0259, q\u0259dim v\u0259 \u00e7ox\u0259srlik m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin\u0259\u00a0bigan\u0259 qala bilm\u0259zdi. T\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyil ki, geni\u015f m\u0259nada elmin v\u0259 maarif\u00e7ilik\u00a0ideyalar\u0131n\u0131n inti\u015far\u0131, m\u0259zmunsuz formalist \u015fer\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259, realist \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131ca prinsipl\u0259rinin m\u00fcdafi\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259tbiqi \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bbnin s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bir x\u0259tl\u0259\u00a0g\u0259lib ke\u00e7ir.
\nZ\u0259rdabi ba\u015fda olmaqla d\u00f6vr\u00fcn \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 \u0259d\u0259bi q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri (N.V\u0259zirov, S.\u018f.\u015eirvani, \u018fhs\u0259n\u00fcl-Q\u0259vaid, \u018fsg\u0259r a\u011fa Ad\u0131g\u00f6z\u0259lov, Gorani v\u0259 s.) \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb q\u0259zetinin \u0259traf\u0131na toplanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\u00a0M.F.Axundovun \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn son \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131nda \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bbd\u0259 \u00abV\u0259kili-nam\u0259lumi-mill\u0259t\u00bb\u00a0imzas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q etm\u0259si d\u0259 q\u0259zetin n\u0259\u015fri tarixind\u0259 \u0259lam\u0259tdar hadis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n idi.\u00a0M.F.Axundov milli \u0259d\u0259bi t\u0259nqidi \u0259sasland\u0131r\u0131b onun g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k inki\u015faf yollar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fark\u0259n ciddi bir \u00e7\u0259tinlik qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Ana dilind\u0259\u00a0birc\u0259 d\u0259n\u0259 d\u0259 olsun q\u0259zet v\u0259 ya jurnal\u0131n n\u0259\u015fr edilm\u0259m\u0259si yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259nqidi irsinin\u00a0\u0259d\u0259bi proses\u0259 d\u0259rind\u0259n m\u00fcdaxil\u0259sin\u0259 mane\u0259\u00e7ilik t\u00f6r\u0259tmi\u015f, m\u00fcasir \u0259d\u0259bi h\u0259r\u0259kata\u00a0istiqam\u0259t verm\u0259k imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 xeyli m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131n yaranmas\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259nqid\u00e7i Axundovun qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u0259tinlik qism\u0259n d\u0259 olsa aradan qalxd\u0131. Realist \u0259d\u0259biyyat u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn yeni m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 daxil oldu. M.F.Axundovun ba\u015flay\u0131b ax\u0131ra q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7atd\u0131ra bilm\u0259diyi i\u015fi onun x\u0259l\u0259fl\u0259ri \u2013 \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bbnin m\u00fch\u0259rrirl\u0259ri yerin\u0259 yetirdil\u0259r. H.Z\u0259rdabinin q\u0259zetin m\u0259qs\u0259d v\u0259 v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259ri, \u0259hat\u0259 etdiyi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r bar\u0259d\u0259 konkret proqram\u0131 var idi. H\u0259min proqram\u0131 o, \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bbnin ilk n\u00f6mr\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n etibar\u0259n elan da etmi\u015fdi: \u00abH\u0259r bir vilay\u0259tin q\u0259zeti g\u0259r\u0259k ol vilay\u0259tin sakinl\u0259ri el\u0259diyi i\u015fl\u0259r onlara laz\u0131m olan \u015feyl\u0259r x\u00fclas\u0259, onlar\u0131n h\u0259r bir d\u0259rdi n\u0259 xahi\u015fi ol q\u0259zetd\u0259 \u00e7ap olunsun ki, ol q\u0259z\u0259t\u0259 baxan xalq\u0131 aynada g\u00f6r\u0259n kimi g\u00f6rs\u00fcn\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259 ayd\u0131n proqramla m\u0259tbuat al\u0259min\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259m qoyan \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb sonad\u0259k \u00f6z prinsipin\u0259 sadiq qalm\u0131\u015f ictimai-m\u0259d\u0259ni t\u0259r\u0259qqi h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131nda, milli \u015f\u00fcurun t\u0259rbiy\u0259\u00a0edilm\u0259sind\u0259 s\u0259f\u0259rb\u0259redici rol oynam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 1905-ci ild\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00abRusiyada \u0259vv\u0259linci t\u00fcrk q\u0259zeti\u00bb adl\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 H.Z\u0259rdabi \u00f6z q\u0259zetinin yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u0259raiti v\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri \u015f\u0259rh ed\u0259r\u0259k yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u00ab\u2026 h\u0259r k\u0259si \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131ram g\u0259lm\u0259yir, g\u00f6st\u0259rir\u0259m g\u00f6rm\u0259yir, deyir\u0259m qanmay\u0131r. Ax\u0131rda g\u00f6rd\u00fcm ki, onlar\u0131 haraylay\u0131b \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmaqdan, onlara dem\u0259kd\u0259n ba\u015fqa bir qeyri \u0259lac yoxdur. Olmaz ki, m\u0259nim s\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc e\u015fid\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n he\u00e7 biri qanan olmas\u0131n\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259zet \u00e7\u0131xarmaqdan savay\u0131 bir qeyri \u0259lac yoxdur. H\u0259r ild\u0259 on q\u0259zet\u00a0oxuyandan biri oxudu\u011funu qansa, onlar\u0131n q\u0259d\u0259ri ilb\u0259il artar.\u00a0\u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb q\u0259zetinin ara\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fch\u00fcm maarif v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t probleml\u0259ri\u00a0s\u0131ras\u0131nda d\u00fcny\u0259vi elml\u0259rin t\u0259bli\u011fi, yeni tipli m\u0259kt\u0259b v\u0259 d\u0259rslik u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259,\u00a0u\u015faqlar\u0131n t\u0259lim v\u0259 t\u0259rbiy\u0259si, ana dili kimi m\u00fch\u00fcm m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r var idi.\u00a0Axundzad\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn maarif\u00e7iliyi daha \u00e7ox n\u0259z\u0259ri s\u0259ciyy\u0259 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131sa, bu d\u00f6vr\u00a0intensiv t\u0259\u015fkilati f\u0259aliyy\u0259t d\u00f6vr\u00fc idi. \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb \u00f6z s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0259dim islam v\u0259 t\u00fcrk\u00a0d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rini inadla d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259kl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n, elmin, k\u0259nd\u00a0t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259naye v\u0259 texnikan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 islahat ideyas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259bli\u011f edir v\u0259\u00a0bunu bir proqram kimi d\u0259 ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc: \u00abBizim s\u00f6zl\u0259rimiz\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l edibl\u0259r, z\u0259man\u0259\u00a0d\u0259y\u015film\u0259yin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 k\u00f6k\u00fcnd\u0259n t\u0259r\u0259qqi edib ir\u0259li gedirl\u0259r\u00bb.\u00a0Realizm sosial satira x\u0259lqilik v\u0259 irsilik problemi milli demokratik d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259\u00a0sadiqlik \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bbnin s\u0259n\u0259t sah\u0259sind\u0259 proqram\u0131 bel\u0259 idi. D\u00f6vr\u00fcn m\u0259\u015fhur elml\u0259r\u00a0m\u00fcbahis\u0259sind\u0259 o q\u0259ti olaraq \u00abelmi-\u0259bdan\u00bb\u0131 se\u00e7mi\u015fdir.
\n\u018fkin\u00e7inin s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 milli-realist \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n qay\u011f\u0131lar\u0131, onun inki\u015faf\u00a0istiqam\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q probleml\u0259ri daim diqq\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 dururdu.\u00a0Yeni tipli realist \u0259d\u0259biyyat v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259t u\u011frundak\u0131 tarixi m\u00fcbariz\u0259sin\u0259 \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb\u00a0\u015ferd\u0259 m\u0259zmundan uzaq olan, \u00fcmumxalq m\u0259nafeyind\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259n h\u0259cu\u011fulu\u011fa\u00a0v\u0259 m\u0259dhiyy\u0259\u00e7iliy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 k\u0259skin h\u00fccumlarla ba\u015flad\u0131. Bel\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259nin tarixi q\u0259dim\u00a0olsa da M.F.Axundovun \u0259d\u0259bi-t\u0259nqidi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259 bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 yeni m\u0259na k\u0259sb etmi\u015fdi. Az\u0259rbaycan poeziyas\u0131n\u0131n ideya istiqam\u0259tini d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259k realist \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n m\u00f6vzu, ideya m\u0259zmun v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259tkarl\u0131q bax\u0131mdan istiqam\u0259tverici v\u0259 m\u00fcdafi\u0259\u00e7isi kimi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259n \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bbnin m\u00fcbariz\u0259sind\u0259 Z\u0259rdabid\u0259n ba\u015fqa onun q\u0259l\u0259m v\u0259 m\u0259sl\u0259k yolda\u015flar\u0131 da i\u015ftirak edirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Q\u0259zetin f\u0259al \u0259m\u0259kda\u015flar\u0131ndan olan \u018fhs\u0259n\u00fcl-Q\u0259vaid \u00abM\u0259ktubat\u00bb ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda\u00a0d\u0259rc etdirdiyi silsil\u0259 xarakterli m\u0259qal\u0259 m\u0259ktublar\u0131nda \u015fer v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259t probleml\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259 \u00f6z\u00a0m\u00fcnasib\u0259tini bildirir, m\u00fcasiri oldu\u011fu \u015fairl\u0259rin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duran v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259ri diqq\u0259t\u00a0m\u0259rk\u0259zin\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kirdi. M\u0259qal\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llifi h\u0259r bir v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131n m\u00f6vqeyini, d\u0259y\u0259rini, onun xalq, v\u0259t\u0259n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fc i\u015fl\u0259rin faydas\u0131 il\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u018fhs\u0259n\u00fcl-Q\u0259vaid \u015ferd\u0259\u00a0epiqop\u00e7ulu\u011fa, n\u0259sf\u011fulu\u011fa qar\u015f\u0131 k\u0259skin ittihamla \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edirdi.\u00a0\u00abYax\u015f\u0131 olurdu bu \u0259\u015far \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 bez toxuyub bir n\u00f6v \u0259hli-elm il\u0259 v\u0259 k\u0259mal hesab\u00a0oleydil\u0259r, ya pin\u0259dazluq \u00f6yr\u0259nib bir qarda\u015f\u0131n ba\u015fma\u011f\u0131 y\u0131rt\u0131landa pin\u0259 ed\u0259ydil\u0259r\u00bb.\u00a0M\u0259qal\u0259 etirazla qar\u015f\u0131land\u0131 v\u0259 S.\u018f.\u015eirvani ba\u015fda olmaqla d\u00f6rd n\u0259f\u0259r \u015eirvan \u015fairi\u00a0\u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb q\u0259zetind\u0259 ona cavab m\u0259qal\u0259si il\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etdil\u0259r. Onlar \u015eirvan \u015fairl\u0259rinin\u00a0m\u00f6vqeyini ifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k \u0259d\u0259biyyatda m\u0259dhiyy\u0259\u00e7iliy\u0259, \u015f\u0259rab\u0131n v\u0259 g\u00f6z\u0259lin v\u0259sfin\u0259 r\u0259vac\u00a0verm\u0259yi daha \u00fcst\u00fcn hesab edirdil\u0259r. M\u00f6vqel\u0259rind\u0259 haql\u0131 olduqlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcbut \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00a0Qurandan ay\u0259 n\u0259 S\u0259di, Hafiz, ibn Sina kimi \u015f\u0259rq klassikl\u0259rind\u0259n misallar, par\u00e7alar\u00a0g\u0259tirirdil\u0259r.\u00a0Q\u0259zetin n\u00f6vb\u0259ti n\u00f6mr\u0259sind\u0259 \u018fhs\u0259n\u00fcl-Q\u0259vaid \u015eirvan \u015fairl\u0259rin\u0259 cavab m\u0259ktubu\u00a0yaz\u0131r v\u0259 orada he\u00e7 bir \u015f\u0259xsi \u0259dav\u0259ti v\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259dinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vur\u011fulayaraq bildirirdi\u00a0ki, \u00abAya, c\u0259h\u0259t n\u0259 olmu\u015f ola ki, mill\u0259ti-dig\u0259r bu q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259qqi tap\u0131b, m\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259ri\u00a0m\u0259mur olub n\u0259 ill\u0259t n\u0259 olub ki, bizim mill\u0259t, m\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259t t\u0259n\u0259zz\u00fcl etm\u0259kd\u0259dir.\u00bb Cavab m\u0259ktubunda o, \u015eirvan \u015fairl\u0259rinin g\u0259tirdikl\u0259ri d\u0259lill\u0259rin \u0259sass\u0131z oldu\u011funu s\u00fcbuta yetirir. Eyni zamanda yeni d\u00f6vr\u00fcn \u015fer v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259t qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda qoydu\u011fu \u0259sas v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259ri realist \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n prinsipl\u0259rini daha d\u0259rind\u0259n a\u00e7\u0131b \u015f\u0259rh edirdi. \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb v\u0259 onun m\u00fcbariz silahda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn m\u00f6vqeyi S.\u018f.\u015eirvani kimi g\u00f6rk\u0259mli \u015fairin maarif\u00e7i-didaktik irsinin formala\u015fmas\u0131nda apar\u0131c\u0131 rol oynad\u0131. Bu \u0259d\u0259bi m\u00fcbariz\u0259l\u0259rin m\u00fcsb\u0259t s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259si onu maarif\u00e7i realist \u015fer yoluna istiqam\u0259tl\u0259ndirdi.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb q\u0259zetinin yeni m\u0259kt\u0259b, yeni \u0259d\u0259biyyat u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259sin\u0259 inam\u0131na\u00a0qo\u015fulan v\u0259 realist \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n prinsipl\u0259rini ard\u0131c\u0131l \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 ed\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n biri d\u0259\u00a0o vaxt Moskvada t\u0259hsil alan g\u0259nc yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131-dramaturq N\u0259c\u0259fb\u0259y V\u0259zirov idi. O,\u00a0\u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb q\u0259zetin\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi publisistik m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 xalq\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti, m\u0259d\u0259ni\u00a0geriliyi haqq\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259n v\u0259 bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f yolu axtaran bir maarif\u00e7i,\u00a0v\u0259t\u0259np\u0259rv\u0259r yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 kimi n\u0259z\u0259ri c\u0259lb edir: \u00abBizim m\u0259kt\u0259bxanalar\u0131m\u0131zdan yaman m\u0259kt\u0259bxana d\u00fcnyada tap\u0131lmaz. Amma ona el\u0259 ad\u0259t el\u0259m\u0259mi\u015fik ki, guya ondan \u0259la m\u0259kt\u0259bxana d\u00fcnyada olmaz\u00bb (\u018fkin\u00e7i 6 noyabr, 1876, \u2116 1). N.V\u0259zirov \u00e7ox haql\u0131 olaraq m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 \u00abLeyli v\u0259 M\u0259cnun\u00bb \u0259hvalat\u0131n\u0131n, Hafizin a\u015fiqan\u0259 q\u0259z\u0259ll\u0259rinin az ya\u015fl\u0131 u\u015faqlara \u00f6yr\u0259dilm\u0259si \u0259leyhin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r\u00a0v\u0259 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t g\u00f6r\u00fcr ki, \u00abLeyli v\u0259 M\u0259cnun\u00bb m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t dastan\u0131n\u0131 u\u015faqlara \u00f6yr\u0259tm\u0259kd\u0259ns\u0259, onlara \u00abelmi co\u011frafiya kitab\u0131n\u0131 oxusaq, h\u0259m yaz\u0131b oxuma\u011f\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259, h\u0259m d\u00fcnya \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259 olan vilay\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259rdar olar\u0131q\u00bb (Yen\u0259 orada). Q\u0259zetd\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr etdirdiyi dig\u0259r m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 poeziya haqq\u0131nda n\u0259z\u0259ri m\u00fchakim\u0259l\u0259r ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcr. M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 Moskvada olark\u0259n ona Qaraba\u011fdan iki \u015fer d\u0259ft\u0259rinin g\u00f6nd\u0259rilm\u0259sind\u0259n dan\u0131\u015f\u0131r. O, bu \u015ferl\u0259rd\u0259ki h\u0259v\u011fulu\u011fu b\u0259y\u0259nmir v\u0259 onlar\u0131n z\u0259if olmas\u0131\u00a0q\u0259na\u0259tin\u0259 g\u0259lir. N.V\u0259zirov dig\u0259r q\u0259l\u0259m yolda\u015flar\u0131 kimi realizmi d\u00f6vr\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 cavab ver\u0259n\u00a0yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q metodu kimi m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edirdi. V\u0259zirova g\u00f6r\u0259: \u00abYaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 xalq\u0131n g\u00f6zg\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00bb-y\u0259ni \u0259sil s\u0259n\u0259tkar xalq\u0131n t\u0259rbiy\u0259\u00e7isidir. \u018fd\u0259biyyat n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri el\u0259 yaz\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r ki, \u00abo,\u00a0xalq\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7s\u0131n\u00bb, \u00abc\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 xeyir versin\u00bb.\u00a0\u018fd\u0259bi forma v\u0259 janr axtar\u0131\u015flar\u0131 yolunda M.F.Axundov ideyalar\u0131 \u0259srin sonuna\u00a0do\u011fru \u00f6z b\u0259hr\u0259sini verdi v\u0259 yeni diqq\u0259t\u0259layiq \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r yarand\u0131. Z\u0259ngin tarixi \u0259d\u0259bi\u00a0\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri olan Az\u0259rbaycan poeziyas\u0131 tarixind\u0259 milli m\u0259zmuna malik s\u0259rgil\u0259r\u00a0yaratma\u011f\u0131n z\u0259ruriliyi ideyas\u0131n\u0131 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 H.Z\u0259rdabi ir\u0259li s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Q\u0259zetin son\u00a0n\u00f6mr\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n birind\u0259 Z\u0259rdabi \u015fairl\u0259r\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t ed\u0259r\u0259k xalq mahn\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0melodiyas\u0131n\u0131 \u0259sas g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259kl\u0259 \u00abmill\u0259tin ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259 olan yax\u015f\u0131 v\u0259 yaman g\u00fcnl\u0259rini \u015f\u0259rh ed\u0259n mahn\u0131lar yazma\u011fa \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Onun fikrinc\u0259, bu mahn\u0131lar a\u011f\u0131zdan-a\u011f\u0131za d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcb xalq\u0131 \u00abnadanl\u0131qdan danal\u0131\u011fa t\u0259hrik etm\u0259kd\u0259\u00bb m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynaya bil\u0259rdi. Bizim qon\u015fular\u0131m\u0131z erm\u0259nil\u0259r bel\u0259 \u015ferl\u0259r il\u0259 \u00e7ox i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcrl\u0259r. Bu halda onlar\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 g\u00f6zl\u0259ri kor \u0259lind\u0259 tar a\u015f\u0131qlar\u0131 bir u\u015faq qolundan tutub qap\u0131-qap\u0131 g\u0259zdirir. He\u00e7 bilirsinizmi ki, o, a\u015f\u0131qlar n\u0259 oxuyurlar. Onlar Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259 olan xo\u015f v\u0259 yaman g\u00fcnl\u0259rind\u0259n, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti onlara etdiyi z\u00fclml\u0259rd\u0259n v\u0259 qeyr\u0259 \u015ferl\u0259r oxuyurlar. Odur ki, bir mill\u0259t i\u015fi olanda erm\u0259nil\u0259rin ham\u0131s\u0131 bird\u0259n qalx\u0131b bir adam kimi i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcrl\u0259r. M\u0259g\u0259r bizim bel\u0259 olma\u011f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00fcnahd\u0131r?! Mill\u0259tin oyanmas\u0131, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcd\u0259rki \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bundan g\u00f6z\u0259l \u00f6rn\u0259k n\u0259 ola bil\u0259r? Milli \u015f\u00fcurun t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl\u00fcnd\u0259 bu c\u00fcr \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar q\u0259zet\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259qibl\u0259ri s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirirdi. \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb q\u0259zeti \u00f6z s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 tez-tez m\u00f6vcud u\u015faq kitablar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259nqid at\u0259\u015fin\u0259 tutan m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r n\u0259\u015fr edir, \u00abK\u0259mal ibar\u0259tdir o, elmi \u0259m\u0259ld\u0259n ki, onun mill\u0259t, d\u00f6vl\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir faydas\u0131 olsun\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Q\u0259zet u\u015faqlar\u0131n d\u0259rsd\u0259n sonra oxumas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fctali\u0259 kitablar\u0131n\u0131n yoxlu\u011funu da n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131r v\u0259 bunlar\u0131n z\u0259ruriliyini d\u00f6n\u0259-d\u00f6n\u0259 qeyd edirdi. Maraql\u0131 c\u0259h\u0259t onda idi ki, yeni tipli s\u0259n\u0259t n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 yolunda t\u0259nqidl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalan S.\u018f.\u015eirvani sonradan \u00f6z\u00fc bu sah\u0259d\u0259 n\u00fcmun\u0259 olmu\u015f maarif\u00e7irealist \u015ferl\u0259rinin m\u00fch\u00fcm bir qismini ilk d\u0259f\u0259 \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bbd\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr etdirmi\u015fdir. Maarif\u00e7il\u0259r \u015fair-pedaqoq v\u0259 realist poeziyan\u0131n yarad\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri kimi h\u0259min \u015ferl\u0259rd\u0259\u00a0S.\u018f.\u015eirvani bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, o\u011flu Mir C\u0259f\u0259rin timsal\u0131nda g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00fcmid b\u0259sl\u0259diyi yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259ri s\u0259yl\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\u011fa, elm\u0259 v\u0259 maarif\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259f\u0259d\u0259n d\u0259\u00a0\u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bbnin yeni m\u0259zmunlu realist \u0259d\u0259biyyat v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259t u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259sind\u0259 f\u0259al i\u015ftirak edirdi. H.Z\u0259rdabi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00abM\u0259lik\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u0259ra\u00bb adland\u0131r\u0131lan S.\u018fzim m\u0259hz bel\u0259 bir n\u00fcmun\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7evril\u0259 bildi.\u00a0Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti tarixind\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi-b\u0259dii \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin Milli m\u0259tbuat\u00a0s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 n\u0259\u015fri \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb il\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. Q\u0259zetin \u0259d\u0259bi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti ondan\u00a0ibar\u0259tdir ki, \u00f6t\u0259n \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda dramaturgiya v\u0259 n\u0259sr\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n gerid\u0259 qalan\u00a0\u015feri h\u0259yatla \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirm\u0259k i\u015fin\u0259, satirik janrda realist metodda bir s\u0131ra poeziya\u00a0n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rinin yaranmas\u0131na k\u00f6m\u0259k etdi.\u00a0Qeyd etdiyimiz kimi \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb ba\u015fda M.F.Axundov olmaqla XIX \u0259sr\u00a0Az\u0259rbaycan maarif\u00e7il\u0259rinin, alim v\u0259 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n xalqa m\u00fcraci\u0259t tribunas\u0131 idi.\u00a0\u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bbnin s\u0259pmi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00abtoxumlar\u00bb sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 \u00f6z b\u0259hr\u0259sini vermi\u015f,\u00a0\u00abZiya\u00bb, \u00abK\u0259\u015fk\u00fcl\u00bb, Kr\u0131mda \u00abT\u0259rc\u00fcman\u00bb \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb q\u0259zetinin davam\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 kimi\u00a0meydana \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131lar.\u00a0H.Z\u0259rdabinin k\u00fcr\u0259k\u0259ni \u018flim\u0259rdan b\u0259y Top\u00e7uba\u015fov \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb q\u0259zetinin 50 illik\u00a0yubileyin\u0259 h\u0259sr etdiyi \u00abAz\u0259rbaycan\u0131n mayak\u0131\u00bb adl\u0131 xatirat\u0131nda g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi ki,\u00a0\u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bbnin n\u0259\u015fr olundu\u011fu d\u00f6vr \u00e7ar Rusiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n m\u00fcdhi\u015f d\u00f6vrl\u0259rind\u0259n idi v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi\u00a0Zaqafqaziyan\u0131n m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u0259halisi a\u011f\u0131r z\u00fcl\u00fcm\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259qibl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qal\u0131rd\u0131. Onlar \u00f6z\u00a0\u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin ad\u0131 il\u0259 \u2013 \u00abAz\u0259rbaycan\u00bb ad\u0131 il\u0259, \u00f6zl\u0259rini is\u0259 az\u0259ri t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri adland\u0131rma\u011fa\u00a0c\u0259sar\u0259t etmirdil\u0259r; dem\u0259y\u0259 qorxurdular ki, onlar t\u00fcrk m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li xalqd\u0131rlar, onlar\u0131n da\u00a0n\u0259inki dini, eyni zamanda \u0259qli, elmi-t\u0259hsil, iqtisadi ehtiyaclar\u0131 vard\u0131r.\u00a0Q\u0259zetin t\u0259nqidi ruhunun sferas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u018f.B.Top\u00e7uba\u015fovun\u00a0bu fikirl\u0259ri olduqca \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tlidir. Qeyd etdiyimz kimi, milliyy\u0259td\u0259n mill\u0259t\u0259 ke\u00e7idin\u00a0ba\u015f verm\u0259sinin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259sir vasit\u0259si m\u0259tbuat v\u0259 onun ba\u015f\u0131nda dayanan ziyal\u0131lar idi. Dem\u0259li, Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb q\u0259zetinin n\u0259\u015fri il\u0259 art\u0131q mill\u0259t olma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f \u00abZiya\u00bb v\u0259 \u00abK\u0259\u015fk\u00fcl\u00bbd\u0259n sonra art\u0131q mill\u0259t kimi formala\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. M\u0259lumdur ki, \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb q\u0259zetind\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 \u00fcmm\u0259t\u00e7ilik \u015f\u00fcuru hakim idi (\u00abM\u00fcs\u0259lman\u00bb, \u00abQafqaz m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131\u00bb, \u00abm\u00fcs\u0259lman mill\u0259ti\u00bb v\u0259 s.). Amma Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundovun v\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin maarif\u00e7ilik f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u00f6t\u0259n \u0259srin 80-90-c\u0131 ill\u0259rind\u0259n \u00abdin\u00bb v\u0259 \u00abmill\u0259t\u00bb anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131\u00a0art\u0131q bir-birind\u0259n f\u0259rql\u0259ndirilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u00abM\u00fcs\u0259lman\u00bb, \u00abt\u00fcrk\u00bb, \u00abaz\u0259rbaycanl\u0131\u00bb anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259rqli m\u0259zmun da\u015f\u0131d\u0131qlar\u0131 etiraf edilirdi. M\u0259tbuatda, m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u00fchitd\u0259\u00a0din v\u0259 mill\u0259t m\u0259fhumlar\u0131n\u0131 bir-birind\u0259n ay\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 bacaran adamlar c\u0259rg\u0259sind\u0259\u00a0H.Z\u0259rdabi d\u0259 var idi. O, \u00abZiya\u00bb q\u0259zetind\u0259 \u00e7ap olunmu\u015f m\u0259ktubunda d\u0259rs kitablar\u0131nda u\u015faqlara mill\u0259tin ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259tm\u0259yi, onlarda milli \u015f\u00fcuru oyatma\u011f\u0131 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

M\u00fc\u0259llif: M.O.H\u018fS\u018fNOVA (SARACLI) <\/strong><\/span>
\nBak\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universiteti<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u018fD\u018fB\u0130YYAT<\/strong>
\n1. Qas\u0131mzad\u0259 F. XIX \u0259srin Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 tarixi. Bak\u0131: 1973, s. 487.
\n2. Qarayev Y. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 XIX v\u0259 XX y\u00fczill\u0259r. Bak\u0131: 2002, s.737.<\/p>\n

3. \u018fliyeva A. Az\u0259rbaycan romantikl\u0259rinin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda t\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck. Bak\u0131: 2002, s. 332.
\n4. M\u0259mm\u0259dov M. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259bi t\u0259nqidi m\u00fcnt\u0259xabat. Bak\u0131: 2002, s.382.
\n5. R\u00fcst\u0259mov \u0130. Bir daha \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i haqq\u0131nda\u00bb (\u018f.Top\u00e7uba\u015fov v\u0259 bir s\u0131ra yeni m\u0259qamlar). Bak\u0131
\nUniversitetinin X\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri. Humanitar eliml\u0259r seriyas\u0131. 2003, \u2116 3, s. 247- 253.
\n6. M\u0259mm\u0259dov X. \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bbd\u0259n \u00abMolla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin\u00bb\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r. Bak\u0131: 1987, s.258 .
\n7. M\u0259mm\u0259dov X. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259bi t\u0259nqidi. XIX-XX \u0259srl\u0259rin h\u00fcdudunda. Bak\u0131: 1999,\u00a0s.145.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u018fd\u0259bi t\u0259nqidimizin M.F.Axundovdan sonrak\u0131 m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259si \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb q\u0259zetinin \u00a0(1875-1877) v\u0259 onun na\u015firinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Ad\u0131ndan da g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi \u00ab\u018fkin\u00e7i\u00bb s\u0131rf \u0259d\u0259bi-b\u0259dii orqan deyildi. Onun m\u0259ram\u0131 yoxsulluq v\u0259 z\u00fclm girdab\u0131nda bo\u011fulan Az\u0259rbaycan k\u0259ndlisinin iqtisadi-sosial d\u0259rdl\u0259ri, t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatla ba\u011fl\u0131 qay\u011f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131rmaq idi. 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