{"id":9485,"date":"2013-04-30T10:10:05","date_gmt":"2013-04-30T05:10:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zerdab.com\/?p=9485"},"modified":"2013-04-29T23:50:55","modified_gmt":"2013-04-29T18:50:55","slug":"h%c9%99s%c9%99n-b%c9%99y-z%c9%99rdabi-omrunun-axirina-q%c9%99d%c9%99r-saf-turkc%c9%99-t%c9%99r%c9%99fdari-olmusdur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zerdab.com\/?p=9485","title":{"rendered":"“H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn ax\u0131r\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r saf t\u00fcrkc\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fdar\u0131 olmu\u015fdur”"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u018fkin\u00e7iAz\u0259rbaycan milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131n\u0131n qazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zetinin ana dilinin safl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qorumaq, geni\u015f oxucu k\u00fctl\u0259si il\u0259 anla\u015f\u0131ql\u0131, ifad\u0259li dild\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fmaq sah\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi n\u00fcmun\u0259 sonrak\u0131 135 ild\u0259 d\u0259 aktual v\u0259 g\u0259r\u0259kli olmu\u015fdur. “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zeti t\u00fcrk-Az\u0259rbaycan dili problemin\u0259 ciddi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t verir v\u0259 onun t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rinin t\u0259bli\u011fin\u0259 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r yer verirdi. S\u00fcbutlar g\u0259tirm\u0259y\u0259 ehtiyac yoxdur ki, “\u018fkin\u00e7i” sad\u0259, anla\u015f\u0131ql\u0131 xalq dilind\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunurdu. Y\u0259qin ki, M.F.Axundovu da “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin n\u0259\u015fr dili \u00e7ox maraqland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. O, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabiy\u0259 “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin dili bar\u0259d\u0259 t\u00f6vsiy\u0259l\u0259rini verirdi. M.F.Axundov H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabiy\u0259 21 aprel 1875-ci il tarixli m\u0259ktubunda yaz\u0131rd\u0131: “Sizin q\u0259zetinizin m\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 \u00fcslub g\u00f6z\u0259lliyi, m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n \u015f\u0259rhinin inc\u0259liyi v\u0259 ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, orfoqrafiyan\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 ki, Sizin q\u0259zetiniz eyni zamanda, \u00f6z m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259ri il\u0259 tatar (Az\u0259rbaycan – \u0130.R\u00fcst\u0259mov) dilinin q\u00fcsurlardan t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 v\u0259 n\u00fcmun\u0259 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Orfoqrafiya bar\u0259d\u0259 qoy Sizin g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k redaktorunuz m\u0259nim komediyalar\u0131m\u0131n imla qaydalar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259sas tutsun”.<\/b><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b>\u018flim\u0259rdan b\u0259y Top\u00e7uba\u015fovun “Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n mayak\u0131” adl\u0131 xatir\u0259 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi v\u0259 “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zetinin dili il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar s\u00f6yl\u0259diyi fikirl\u0259r d\u0259 diqq\u0259ti c\u0259lb edir. O g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi ki, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y ona m\u0259xsus enerji il\u0259 ana dilinin m\u00fcdafi\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259yl\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131: o, dilin terminalogiyas\u0131 imkan verdiyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 “\u018fkin\u00e7i”d\u0259 fars v\u0259 \u0259r\u0259b s\u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259n qa\u00e7ma\u011fa v\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259sna \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u00fcrkc\u0259-Az\u0259rbaycanca yazma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131; imkan daxilind\u0259 \u0259n sad\u0259 v\u0259 asan ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u0259n xalq s\u00f6zl\u0259ri v\u0259 ifad\u0259l\u0259ri i\u015fl\u0259dilirdi”. \u018flim\u0259rdan b\u0259y daha sonra qeyd edirdi ki, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin \u0259leyhdarlar\u0131 ona irad tuturdular ki, \u0259r\u0259b v\u0259 fars dill\u0259rini bilm\u0259diyind\u0259n t\u0259r\u0259k\u0259m\u0259 (k\u0259ndli) jarqonuna \u0259l at\u0131r. \u018flim\u0259rdan b\u0259y h\u0259m\u00e7inin bunu da n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131 ki, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin t\u0259nqid\u00e7il\u0259rinin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti v\u0259 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 onlar\u0131n indiki u\u015faqlar\u0131 do\u011fma dilin xalq\u0131n milli m\u0259nlik \u015f\u00fcurunun oyanmas\u0131na bir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015f olaraq Z\u0259rdabinin xidm\u0259tl\u0259rinin h\u0259r c\u00fcr \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r v\u0259 ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 bilm\u0259zdil\u0259r. \u018flim\u0259rdan b\u0259yin bu fikri d\u0259 maraq do\u011furur ki, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y xalq\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259n m\u00fcxbirl\u0259r yeti\u015fdirib onlar\u0131 k\u00fctl\u0259l\u0259rin lap i\u00e7\u0259ril\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rirdi, buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 “\u018fkin\u00e7i” xalq\u0131n salnam\u0259si ad\u0131n\u0131 qazanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Burada yerin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259r ki, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin \u00f6m\u00fcr-g\u00fcn yolda\u015f\u0131 H\u0259nif\u0259 xan\u0131m\u0131n bu bar\u0259d\u0259 fikirl\u0259rini d\u0259 oxucular\u0131n diqq\u0259tin\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131raq. Bu halda biz H\u0259nif\u0259 xan\u0131m\u0131n “H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y M\u0259likov Z\u0259rdabinin bioqrafiyas\u0131” adl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131na istinad ed\u0259c\u0259yik. Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, dem\u0259k ist\u0259yir\u0259m ki, Z\u0259rdabinin bioqrafiyas\u0131n\u0131 yazark\u0259n H\u0259nif\u0259 xan\u0131m\u0131n t\u0259hrif v\u0259 \u015fi\u015firtm\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 yol verm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 ara-s\u0131ra s\u0259sl\u0259n\u0259n bir s\u0131ra fikirl\u0259ri yersiz v\u0259 h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259 uy\u011fun olmayan hal hesab edir\u0259m. Z\u0259rdabinin elmi irsinin \u00e7oxdank\u0131 t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kimi q\u0259ti q\u0259na\u0259tim budur ki, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin, b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259, d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc v\u0259 onunla ba\u011fl\u0131 konkret m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lark\u0259n H\u0259nif\u0259 xan\u0131m\u0131n haqq\u0131nda b\u0259hs etdiyimiz yaz\u0131s\u0131 etibarl\u0131 v\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rli elmi materiallar, s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r s\u0131ras\u0131na daxil edilm\u0259lidir. \u0130ndi is\u0259 H\u0259nif\u0259 xan\u0131m\u0131n “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin dili bar\u0259d\u0259, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n konkret olaraq H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin t\u00fcrk-Az\u0259rbaycan dilinin safl\u0131\u011f\u0131 u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 fikirl\u0259rin\u0259 yer ver\u0259k.<\/p>\n

H\u0259nif\u0259 xan\u0131m g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi ki, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn ax\u0131r\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r saf t\u00fcrkc\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fdar\u0131 olmu\u015fdur. Onun “\u018fkin\u00e7i”sinin dili b\u00fct\u00fcn qafqaz m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ayd\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. H\u0259nif\u0259 xan\u0131m “\u018fkin\u00e7i”d\u0259 dil m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rinin qoyulu\u015funa v\u0259 t\u0259tbiqin\u0259 dair bir s\u0131ra konkret m\u0259qamlara toxunurdu. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, H\u0259nif\u0259 xan\u0131m diqq\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131 ki, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y kr\u0131ml\u0131lardan, volqaboyu tatarlar\u0131ndan v\u0259 sibirlil\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259r\u0259b dilind\u0259 m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r al\u0131rd\u0131. H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y \u0259r\u0259bc\u0259ni yax\u015f\u0131 bil\u0259n bir Qazanl\u0131 molla tap\u0131b bu m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 etdirib n\u00fcmun\u0259 kimi m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259rin\u0259 qaytar\u0131r, onlardan ana dilind\u0259 yazmalar\u0131n\u0131 xahi\u015f edirdi. Bu m\u00fcxbirl\u0259r sonra \u00f6z dill\u0259rind\u0259 yazma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar. H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y onlara \u00f6z ana dilind\u0259 yazma\u011f\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259tm\u0259kl\u0259 f\u0259xr edirdi.<\/p>\n

Do\u011frudan da “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zetind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan dili il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 ciddi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t v\u0259 geni\u015f yer verilirdi. H\u0259r \u015feyd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l, q\u0259zetin redaktorunun, f\u0259al m\u00fcxbirl\u0259rinin d\u0259rc olunmu\u015f yaz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fc n\u00fcmun\u0259 idi. \u0130stisna bu ola bil\u0259rdi ki, bir s\u0131ra hallarda “\u018fkin\u00e7i” s\u00f6z\u00fc, nec\u0259 dey\u0259rl\u0259r, “\u0259ks c\u0259bh\u0259nin” n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 verir, onlar\u0131 “\u00f6z dill\u0259rind\u0259” dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

“\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi d\u00f6vrd\u0259 maarif\u00e7ilik m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin m\u00fch\u00fcm t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 kitab \u00e7ap m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti, laz\u0131ml\u0131 kitablar\u0131n dig\u0259r dill\u0259rd\u0259n t\u00fcrk-Az\u0259rbaycan dilin\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si idi. Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r “\u018fkin\u00e7i”d\u0259n sonra da, x\u00fcsusil\u0259, XX \u0259srin lap ibtidas\u0131nda H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin maarif\u00e7ilik f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli yer tutmu\u015fdur. \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, yeni s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259, yeni ictimai-siyasi, m\u0259d\u0259ni-m\u0259n\u0259vi m\u0259zmunda.<\/p>\n

H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zeti s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 haqq\u0131nda b\u0259hs etdiyimiz m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259nin t\u0259bli\u011fin\u0259, art\u0131q qeyd etdiyimiz kimi, geni\u015f yer verirdi. “\u018fkin\u00e7i”d\u0259n bir par\u00e7an\u0131 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015f\u0259rhind\u0259 diqq\u0259tiniz\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131r\u0131q: “Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ildir Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti m\u0259kt\u0259bxanalar a\u00e7\u0131b h\u0259r bir elmi \u00f6z dill\u0259rind\u0259 xalqa \u00f6yr\u0259dir. \u00c7\u00fcnki onlar\u0131n kitablar\u0131n\u0131 bizim adama oxumaq \u00e7\u0259tindir, ona bina\u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 olard\u0131 ki, bizim mill\u0259t qeyr\u0259ti \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n qarda\u015flar bir icma bina edib, ol kitablardan g\u0259tirib, bir az d\u0259yi\u015fdirib, \u00e7apxana a\u00e7\u0131b, \u00f6z dilimizd\u0259 \u00e7ap el\u0259dib, xalqa m\u00fcft\u0259, ya bir az qiym\u0259t\u0259 paylas\u0131n ki, bizim m\u0259kt\u0259bxanalarda sair kitablar\u0131n \u0259v\u0259zind\u0259 ol kitablar oxunsun… Elm kitablar\u0131m\u0131z olsa, onlar\u0131 oxurlar v\u0259 nec\u0259 ki, su damc\u0131-damc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259k il\u0259 da\u015f\u0131 de\u015f\u0259r, habel\u0259 o kitablar\u0131 oxumaqdan elm v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259b m\u00fcrur il\u0259 xalq\u0131n k\u00f6nl\u00fcnd\u0259 n\u0259q\u015f ba\u011flay\u0131b m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259n\u0259r” (“\u018fkin\u00e7i” , 29 mart 1876, “Daxiliyy\u0259”).<\/p>\n

H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin n\u0259z\u0259riniz\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z m\u00fclahiz\u0259l\u0259ri “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin demokratik \u0259hval-ruhiyy\u0259li m\u00fcxbirl\u0259ri, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi ziyal\u0131lar\u0131, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n maarif\u00e7i \u015fair v\u0259 yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n, V\u0259t\u0259nin h\u00fcdudlar\u0131ndan k\u0259narda ya\u015fay\u0131b-yaradan “\u018fkin\u00e7i” dostlar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n geni\u015f m\u00fcdafi\u0259 olunurdu, q\u0259zet d\u0259 \u00f6z s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rini m\u0259mnuniyy\u0259tl\u0259 onlar\u0131n s\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131na verirdi.<\/p>\n

Maraql\u0131 bir c\u0259h\u0259t d\u0259 diqq\u0259ti c\u0259lb edir. H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi f\u0259alyy\u0259tinin b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00f6vrl\u0259rind\u0259, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131\u011f\u0131 vaxtlarda xalq\u0131n \u015f\u00fcuruna t\u0259sir etm\u0259k, onu avaml\u0131q v\u0259 xurafat buxovlar\u0131ndan azad etm\u0259k, k\u00fctl\u0259d\u0259 milli m\u0259nlik \u015f\u00fcurunu inki\u015faf etdirm\u0259k m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t verirdi. O, “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zeti s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n apar\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan q\u0259zetl\u0259r haqq\u0131nda m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m olaraq m\u0259lumat d\u0259rc edir, onlar\u0131n \u00e7ap v\u0259 yay\u0131lma m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti bar\u0259d\u0259 \u015f\u0259rhl\u0259r verir, “\u018fkin\u00e7i”ni bu q\u0259zetl\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 edir, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ziyal\u0131 dair\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcbke\u015flik hissini oyatma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

“\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin “Daxiliyy\u0259”sind\u0259 \u00e7ap olunmu\u015f bir yaz\u0131n\u0131 ixtisarla diqq\u0259tiniz\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131r\u0131q: “Alt\u0131 ay yoxdur ki, bizim “\u018fkin\u00e7i” \u00e7ap olunur, amma ingilisin paytaxt\u0131 London \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 onun \u00e7ap olunma\u011f\u0131 m\u0259lumdur. Oradan bir kitab\u0131n bir f\u0259slinin t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 olan t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259sini biz\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259ribl\u0259r ki, onun q\u0259l\u0259tini d\u00fcz\u0259ld\u0259k. \u018flh\u0259qq, bu \u00e7ox ziyad\u0259 g\u00f6z\u00fca\u00e7\u0131ql\u0131q ist\u0259r. London \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 y\u00fcz q\u0259zet \u00e7ap olunur. Onunla bel\u0259 ki\u015fil\u0259r d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ucunda bizim q\u0259zet kimi bir ki\u00e7ik q\u0259zet \u00e7ap olunma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 e\u015fidib, ist\u0259yirl\u0259r ondan da n\u0259fb\u0259rdar olsunlar, amma bizim adam\u0131n \u00e7oxu n\u0259inki bu \u00e7a\u011fad\u0259k bizim q\u0259zeti oxumay\u0131blar, b\u0259lk\u0259, b\u0259zi \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r onun bina olma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n x\u0259b\u0259rini d\u0259 e\u015fitm\u0259yibl\u0259r. H\u0259tta el\u0259 adam var ki, q\u0259zet pulu verib, onu almaq ist\u0259mir” (“\u018fkin\u00e7i” , 1 yanvar 1876, “Daxiliyy\u0259”).<\/p>\n

“\u018fkin\u00e7i”d\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259ksini v\u0259 t\u0259c\u0259ss\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc tapm\u0131\u015f maarif\u00e7ilik m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin apar\u0131c\u0131 istiqam\u0259tini h\u0259qiqi m\u0259nada maarif\u00e7ilik f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259si, etik, estetik ideyalar t\u0259\u015fkil edir, dialektika v\u0259 idrak m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri x\u00fcsusil\u0259 maraq do\u011furur. Diqq\u0259ti \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n budur ki, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi “\u018fkin\u00e7i” ad\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131yan ki\u00e7ik formatl\u0131 bir q\u0259zetd\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259fi d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 toxunmu\u015f v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fc ciddi, s\u0259rt t\u0259qibl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir vaxtda bel\u0259 t\u0259mas etdiyimiz f\u0259ls\u0259fi m\u0259zmunlu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n k\u0259skin ictimai-siyasi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r \u00e7\u0131xara bilmi\u015fdir. Bunlar haqq\u0131nda, m\u0259hz “\u018fkin\u00e7i”d\u0259ki materiallara \u0259saslanaraq dan\u0131\u015fma\u011f\u0131 laz\u0131m bilirik.<\/p>\n

H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin el\u0259 ilk n\u00f6mr\u0259sind\u0259 b\u0259yan etmi\u015fdi: “D\u00fcnya bir \u015feydir ki, h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 d\u00f6vran edir v\u0259 insan bu t\u00f6vr d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u0259rdi\u015fin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 g\u0259r\u0259k habel\u0259 \u00f6z r\u0259ftar\u0131n\u0131 da d\u0259yi\u015fdirsin, nec\u0259 ki m\u0259s\u0259ldir dey\u0259rl\u0259r, z\u0259man\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259 saz olmasa, s\u0259n z\u0259man\u0259y\u0259 saz olgunan. Z\u0259man\u0259nin d\u0259yi\u015film\u0259yi, \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259, h\u0259r anl\u0131yan k\u0259s\u0259 m\u0259lumdur v\u0259 bu t\u00f6vr z\u0259man\u0259nin d\u0259yi\u015film\u0259yi bizim il\u0259 deyil, h\u0259m\u00e7inin biz qadir deyilik ki, z\u0259man\u0259ni d\u0259yi\u015film\u0259kd\u0259n saxlayaq. Ol k\u0259sl\u0259r ki, h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 biz\u0259 etibar edib bizim s\u00f6zl\u0259rimiz\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l edibl\u0259r, z\u0259man\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fildiyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 g\u00fcn-g\u00fcnd\u0259n t\u0259r\u0259qqi edib ir\u0259li gedibl\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n bel\u0259 ir\u0259li getm\u0259yin\u0259 mane olmaq, y\u0259ni onlar\u0131 ke\u00e7\u0259n zaman\u0259nin qaydas\u0131 il\u0259 saxlamaq m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t deyil. (“Daxiliyy\u0259”). C\u0259sar\u0259tl\u0259 dem\u0259k olar ki, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin s\u00f6yl\u0259diyi bu fikirl\u0259r “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 bir n\u00f6v q\u0259zetin ana x\u0259ttini t\u0259\u015fkil etmi\u015f v\u0259 Z\u0259rdabi is\u0259 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 bu ideyan\u0131 r\u0259hb\u0259r tutmu\u015fdur v\u0259 he\u00e7 zaman ondan d\u00f6nm\u0259mi\u015fdir. Insan, onun \u015f\u00fcuru, idrak prosesi bar\u0259d\u0259 s\u00f6yl\u0259nilmi\u015f, \u0259sas etibaril\u0259 d\u0259 Z\u0259rdabi z\u0259kas\u0131na m\u0259xsus ideyalar olduqca maraql\u0131d\u0131r. Z\u0259rdabi, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi ki, “insan\u0131n h\u0259r bir h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti v\u0259 fikir d\u0259r\u0259cat\u0131 beyinl\u0259dir v\u0259 beyin ba\u015fda v\u0259 beld\u0259 olur, oradan da b\u0259d\u0259nin h\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 damarlar\u0131 gedir” (“\u018fkin\u00e7i” , 1875, N:5). \u0130nsan v\u0259 heyvan\u0131n m\u00fcqayis\u0259sin\u0259 dair “\u018fkin\u00e7i”d\u0259 yer alm\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131lar bu c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n d\u0259rin elmi m\u0259zmuna v\u0259 ictimai-siyasi pafosa malikdir. Z\u0259rdabi bel\u0259 hesab edirdi ki, insan d\u00fcnyan\u0131 d\u0259rk etm\u0259k qabiliyy\u0259tin\u0259 v\u0259 \u015f\u00fcura malik oldu\u011funa g\u00f6r\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00f6vcudat\u0131n \u0259\u015fr\u0259fidir, \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k varl\u0131qd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y \u015f\u00fcurun insan\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lar\u0131n \u015fah\u0131, pad\u015fah\u0131 etm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259dim filosoflar\u0131n fikirl\u0259rin\u0259 istinad\u0259n yaz\u0131rd\u0131: “Q\u0259dim zaman\u0131n filosoflar\u0131 deyirl\u0259rmi\u015f ki, insan da heyvand\u0131r. Amma \u0259qli art\u0131q olmaq s\u0259b\u0259bin\u0259 tamam heyvanlar\u0131n pad\u015fah\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsan heyvanlar\u0131n pad\u015fah\u0131 olmas\u0131 x\u00fcsusind\u0259 deyirl\u0259rmi\u015f ki, insan\u0131n b\u0259d\u0259ni \u00e7\u0131lpaq oldu\u011fundan heyvan\u0131n b\u0259d\u0259nind\u0259n z\u0259ifdir. Amma insan a\u011f\u0131l\u0131 il\u0259 par\u00e7a toxuyub, \u00fcryan b\u0259d\u0259nin\u0259 paltar tikm\u0259kl\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259mirati-bina edib \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc havan\u0131n d\u0259yi\u015film\u0259yind\u0259n m\u00fchafizat etm\u0259kl\u0259 z\u0259if b\u0259d\u0259nini heyvandan yax\u015f\u0131 saxlay\u0131r. \u0130nsan\u0131n iti di\u015fi, d\u0131rna\u011f\u0131, buynuzu yoxdur. Amma \u0259qli il\u0259 insan ox, bu\u00e7aq v\u0259 qeyr al\u0259t qay\u0131r\u0131b heyvanat\u0131n di\u015fi v\u0259 d\u0131rna\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc m\u00fchafizat edir. Insan\u0131n b\u0259d\u0259ni d\u00fcz durmaq s\u0259b\u0259bin\u0259 onun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7apuqluq, y\u0259ni yeyin y\u00fcy\u00fcrm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil. Amma insan at, e\u015f\u015f\u0259k v\u0259 qeyr heyvanlar\u0131 tutub, \u00f6yr\u0259dib, handa bir yeyin heyvana faiq g\u0259lir. X\u00fclas\u0259, insan \u0259qli art\u0131q olmaq s\u0259b\u0259bin\u0259 h\u0259r bir heyvanata qalib g\u0259lir. P\u0259s insan heyvanlar\u0131n pad\u015fah\u0131d\u0131r. H\u0259rgah diqq\u0259t il\u0259 m\u00fclahiz\u0259 ed\u0259s\u0259n, a\u015fkar olur ki, insan n\u0259inki heyvanata,tamam d\u00fcnyaya malikdir” (“\u018fkin\u00e7i” ,1877, N:15). “\u0130nsan a\u011f\u0131l v\u0259 elmi il\u0259 tamam d\u00fcnyan\u0131 t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcf ed\u0259 bil\u0259r” (yen\u0259 orada).<\/p>\n

B\u0259s insan ona m\u0259nsub olan bel\u0259 bir \u015f\u0259raf\u0259td\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bilirmi? “\u018fkin\u00e7i” insan\u0131n sosial genetikas\u0131ndan v\u0259 amal\u0131ndan do\u011fan h\u0259min \u015f\u0259raf\u0259tini onun real ger\u00e7\u0259klikd\u0259 d\u00fc\u00e7ar oldu\u011fu r\u0259zil v\u0259ziyy\u0259t aras\u0131ndak\u0131 t\u0259zad\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131r: “Leyk\u0259n insan bu \u015f\u0259raf\u0259td\u0259n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc uzaq edib. Heyvan haraya ist\u0259s\u0259 gedir, h\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259f\u0259 ist\u0259s\u0259 bax\u0131r, n\u0259 ist\u0259s\u0259 el\u0259yir, ha\u00e7an kefi ist\u0259s\u0259 uluyur, amma insan n\u0259inki \u00f6z\u00fc ist\u0259diyini ed\u0259 bilmir, h\u0259tta heyvan uluyan kimi \u00f6z xahi\u015fi il\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fa da bilmir. P\u0259s insan\u0131n maliki-d\u00fcnyal\u0131q h\u00fcququ payimal olub; onun a\u011f\u0131l\u0131 m\u0259hz tavanalar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn i\u015fl\u0259yir” (yen\u0259 orada).<\/p>\n

Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 “\u018fkin\u00e7i” insan\u0131 bir n\u00f6v bu payimal olmu\u015f h\u00fcququnu qoruma\u011fa s\u0259sl\u0259yir. Q\u0259zetd\u0259n yen\u0259 bir par\u00e7an\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259riniz\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131r\u0131q: ” M\u0259lumdur ki, bir heyvan bir ahunu \u015fikar edib, \u00f6z\u00fc yeyir v\u0259 \u0259g\u0259r bir qeyri heyvan onun \u0259lind\u0259n o ahunu almaq ist\u0259s\u0259, onunla \u00f6l\u00fcnc\u0259n dava ed\u0259r. Amma insan qan-t\u0259r t\u00f6k\u00fcb qazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 avaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 c\u0259h\u0259tind\u0259n \u00f6z \u0259li il\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n g\u00fccl\u00fcl\u0259r\u0259 verib, onun d\u0259xi art\u0131q tavana olma\u011f\u0131na bais olmur” (yen\u0259 orada). “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zeti, dem\u0259k olar ki, m\u00f6vcud oldu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 b\u0259dii yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 \u015feirl\u0259rimizin ideya m\u0259zmunu, a\u015f\u0131q v\u0259 xalq mahn\u0131lar\u0131, atalar s\u00f6zl\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 ciddi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t verirdi. Q\u0259zet h\u0259m\u00e7inin o vaxtlar geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f h\u0259cvbazl\u0131\u011fa v\u0259 m\u0259dhbazl\u0131\u011fa qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rd\u0131. N\u0259c\u0259f b\u0259y V\u0259zirovun “\u018fkin\u00e7i”d\u0259 d\u0259rc olunmu\u015f v\u0259 ingilis aliml\u0259ri Bokl v\u0259 Dreperin kitablar\u0131ndan b\u0259hs olunan yaz\u0131s\u0131ndan bir par\u00e7an\u0131 diqq\u0259tiniz\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131r\u0131q: “Kitablar\u0131m\u0131z … Kitab \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 h\u0259cv in\u015fa edirik… \u0130ndi yaz\u0131lan h\u0259cvl\u0259r m\u0259st olan \u00e7\u0259km\u0259\u00e7i dan\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na ox\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131na n\u0259inki onlar\u0131 \u00e7ap etm\u0259k olmur, h\u0259tta adam olan k\u0259s onu oxuyanda \u0259ti \u00fcrp\u0259rir. \u00c7\u00fcnki bizim z\u0259man\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259qqi zaman\u0131d\u0131r v\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259qqi etm\u0259y\u0259n tayfa g\u00fcn\u00fc-g\u00fcnd\u0259n t\u0259n\u0259zz\u00fcl edib ax\u0131rda pu\u00e7 olacaq, ona bina\u0259n bizim \u015f\u00fcara qarda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131zdan ki, onlar \u0259lh\u0259qq xalq\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u0259r, iltimas edirik, t\u0259qazayi-z\u0259man\u0259y\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq xalq\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7ma\u011fa s\u0259y el\u0259sinl\u0259r, yoxsa h\u0259dyan dan\u0131\u015fmaq bir \u00e7\u0259tin zad deyil v\u0259 ondan he\u00e7 kims\u0259y\u0259 bir n\u0259f yoxdur” (“\u018fkin\u00e7i”, 1877, N:10).<\/p>\n

H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fairl\u0259rini m\u0259z\u0259mm\u0259t ed\u0259r\u0259k m\u0259nas\u0131z \u015feirl\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259l \u00e7\u0259kib, xalq h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 \u0259ks etdir\u0259n \u015feirl\u0259r yazma\u011f\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edirdi. O, mill\u0259tin oyanmas\u0131 i\u015find\u0259 mahn\u0131 v\u0259 n\u0259\u011fm\u0259l\u0259rin rolundan dan\u0131\u015faraq “\u018fkin\u00e7i”d\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131: “…Mahn\u0131 vacibi \u015feydir, ona bina\u0259n onun m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131rmaq s\u0259yin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r. H\u0259r taif\u0259nin v\u0259t\u0259ndarl\u0131q v\u0259 mill\u0259tin ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259 olan yaman v\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u0259rini \u015f\u0259rh ed\u0259n mahn\u0131lar\u0131 olur; bu mahn\u0131lar a\u011f\u0131zdan-a\u011f\u0131za d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcb, mill\u0259ti birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 bais olur. Amma bizim mahn\u0131lara baxan g\u0259r\u0259k t\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcb eyl\u0259sin, xudav\u0259nda, onlar\u0131 kim v\u0259 n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00fcz\u0259ldib! Onlar\u0131n \u00e7oxunu ki, avam \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r, he\u00e7 m\u0259nas\u0131 yoxdur. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, – A\u011facda oturub s\u0259r\u00e7\u0259, niy\u0259 uzunsan, ey k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259; s\u0259n harda qald\u0131n ey be\u00e7\u0259, ey yar, ey yar, ey qara g\u00f6z” (“\u018fkin\u00e7i”, 1877, N:18). G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi d\u0259rin ideyal\u0131, sosial m\u0259nal\u0131 \u015feirl\u0259r yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edirdi.<\/p>\n

Uzun ill\u0259r ke\u00e7dikd\u0259n sonra H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y “\u018fkin\u00e7i” zaman\u0131nda b\u0259hs olunan bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni xat\u0131rlayaraq, “Bizim n\u0259\u011fm\u0259l\u0259rimiz” adl\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131: ” Ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259 “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zeti \u00e7\u0131xanda ol v\u0259qtin \u015fairl\u0259rind\u0259n yaz\u0131b t\u0259v\u0259qq\u0259 eyl\u0259mi\u015fdim ki, b\u00fclb\u00fcl\u00fc v\u0259 g\u00fcl\u00fc t\u0259rif v\u0259 bir-biril\u0259rini h\u0259cv etm\u0259kd\u0259n \u0259l \u00e7\u0259kib, elm t\u0259hsil etm\u0259yin n\u0259fl\u0259rind\u0259n v\u0259 biz m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlara olan z\u00fclml\u0259rin bar\u0259sind\u0259 \u015feirl\u0259r yaz\u0131b onlar\u0131 bizim a\u015f\u0131qlara xo\u015f s\u00f6vt il\u0259 oxuma\u011f\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259tsinl\u0259r ki, a\u015f\u0131qlar onlar\u0131 toylarda oxuyub \u0259halini oyatma\u011fa s\u0259b\u0259b olsunlar; onlardan birc\u0259 Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvani elm t\u0259hsil etm\u0259yin n\u0259fl\u0259rind\u0259n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 \u015feir yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Amma qeyr \u015fairl\u0259rimizd\u0259n he\u00e7 bir cavab g\u0259lm\u0259di”(“H\u0259yat” q\u0259zeti, 1906-c\u0131 il, N:6).<\/p>\n

Maarif\u00e7ilik m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin\u0259 dair “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zetind\u0259 yer alm\u0131\u015f materiallar olduqca z\u0259ngindir. Onlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u0259trafl\u0131 t\u0259hlil etm\u0259k bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda imkan xaricind\u0259dir. Bunu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq bir s\u0131ra m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar y\u0131\u011fcam icmal \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 \u00fcmumil\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259l\u0259r verm\u0259k ist\u0259rdik. \u018fvv\u0259la, ad\u0259tl\u0259r-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259r bar\u0259d\u0259 ist\u0259r H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015f\u0259rhind\u0259, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 “\u018fkin\u00e7i”d\u0259 d\u0259rc olunmu\u015f m\u00fcxbir yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda h\u0259m tarixi planda, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u0259ntiqi-f\u0259ls\u0259fi planda ad\u0259t v\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rin tarix\u0259n nec\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fib t\u0259kam\u00fcl\u0259 u\u011framas\u0131, insanlar\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131nda oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rol haqq\u0131nda maraql\u0131 t\u0259fsilatlar verilmi\u015fdir. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca olaraq diqq\u0259ti c\u0259lb ed\u0259n budur ki, “\u018fkin\u00e7i”d\u0259 bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259td\u0259 yenilik v\u0259 k\u00f6hn\u0259lik aras\u0131nda ged\u0259n m\u00fcbariz\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259ksini tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi g\u0259nc v\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259qqi yolu il\u0259 ged\u0259n insanlara m\u00fcraci\u0259t ed\u0259r\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rd\u0259n qorxmayaraq V\u0259t\u0259nin, mill\u0259tin maraqlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcn tutma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131: “Ey elm t\u0259hsil ed\u0259n cavanlar\u0131m\u0131z! Do\u011frudur, bizim V\u0259t\u0259n qarda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z il\u0259 \u00fcns tutmaq \u00e7\u0259tindir. Siz dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 onlar ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259yib, \u0259fal\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u015f\u0259ri\u0259t\u0259 nam\u00fcvafiq hesab edib, siz\u0259 kafir deyib incid\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r! Amma insaf deyil, be\u015f g\u00fcn \u00f6mr\u00fcn l\u0259zz\u0259tind\u0259n \u00f6tr\u00fc mill\u0259ti, qarda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 at\u0131b, onlar\u0131 kor v\u0259 s\u0259rg\u0259rdan qoyas\u0131n\u0131z… Qoy \u015f\u00fcaralar sizi h\u0259cv etsin, mollalar l\u0259n\u0259t oxusun, avam\u00fcnas da\u015fa bass\u0131n, siz mill\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259hm\u0259t \u00e7\u0259k\u0259rsiniz v\u0259 bi\u015f\u0259k, g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 mill\u0259tin g\u00f6z\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131landa sizi \u015f\u0259hid hesab edib, siz\u0259 r\u0259hm\u0259t oxuyacaqlar” (“\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zeti, 1876-c\u0131 il, N:11).<\/p>\n

\u018fslind\u0259 h\u00f6rm\u0259tli oxucu, burada t\u0259svir olunanlar H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin maarif\u00e7ilk f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti zaman\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn rastla\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rin, mane v\u0259 t\u0259qibl\u0259rin bir n\u00f6v \u0259ks-s\u0259das\u0131 idi. M\u0259g\u0259r, “rus H\u0259s\u0259n”, “\u015fapkal\u0131 H\u0259s\u0259n” dey\u0259 Bak\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 onu da\u015fa basmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131larm\u0131?<\/p>\n

Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 s\u00f6z d\u0259 “V\u0259kili-nam\u0259lum”, \u0259slind\u0259 dostu Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundovun “\u018fkin\u00e7i”y\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi m\u0259ktublar bar\u0259d\u0259. “V\u0259kili-nam\u0259lum” H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y\u0259 irad tuturdu ki, n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r “elm, elm” dem\u0259k olar, bir g\u00fcl il\u0259 bahar olmaz”. \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 “V\u0259kili-nam\u0259luma” o m\u0259nada haqq qazand\u0131rmaq olar ki, t\u0259kc\u0259 “elm, elm” \u015f\u00fcar\u0131 il\u0259 “sosial yara” sa\u011falan deyildi. Do\u011frudur, lap \u0259vv\u0259ld\u0259 dediyimiz kimi, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrl\u0259rind\u0259, nec\u0259 dey\u0259rl\u0259r, n\u0259z\u0259ri maarif\u00e7ilikd\u0259n” “praktiki maarif\u00e7iliy\u0259”, d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fk\u0259n maarif\u00e7iliy\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015fdi, h\u0259m d\u0259 “damc\u0131 da\u015f\u0131 de\u015f\u0259r” prinsipin\u0259 sadiq qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, “V\u0259kili-nam\u0259lum” da H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin v\u0259 “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin f\u0259al m\u00fcxbirl\u0259rinin ciddi t\u0259nqidind\u0259n sonra “\u018fkin\u00e7i” il\u0259 “dil tapa bilmi\u015f”, f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini eyni m\u0259craya y\u00f6n\u0259ltmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycanda maarif car\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, xalqa istiqam\u0259tl\u0259nmi\u015f “xitab\u0259t k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fc” kimi ad qazanm\u0131\u015f “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zetind\u0259 t\u00fcrk dilli m\u00fcs\u0259lman al\u0259mind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks-s\u0259da do\u011furmu\u015fdu. Burada yaln\u0131z b\u00f6y\u00fck maarif\u00e7i, m\u00fc\u0259f\u0259kkir, t\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259y Qasp\u0131ral\u0131ya v\u0259 onun n\u0259\u015fr etdirdiyi “T\u0259rc\u00fcman” q\u0259zetin\u0259 “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin, \u015f\u0259xs\u0259n H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015f oldu\u011fu m\u00fcsb\u0259t t\u0259sird\u0259n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 k\u0259lm\u0259 qeyd etm\u0259k ist\u0259rdik. H\u0259nif\u0259 xan\u0131m M\u0259likova oxuculara art\u0131q m\u0259lum olan “Xatir\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259” g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi ki, \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259y Qasprinski Kr\u0131mdan, Bax\u00e7asaraydan H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259ktub yazaraq “T\u0259rc\u00fcman” adl\u0131 q\u0259zet buraxmaq ist\u0259diyini x\u0259b\u0259r verir, h\u0259m\u00e7inin H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yd\u0259n bu i\u015fd\u0259 ona xeyir-dua verm\u0259sini xahi\u015f edirdi. H\u0259m\u00e7inin xahi\u015f edirdi ki, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y q\u0259zetin idar\u0259 edilm\u0259sin\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi \u00f6z \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrs\u00fcn. \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259yin m\u0259ktubu H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yd\u0259 bayram \u0259hval-ruhiyy\u0259si yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 v\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y t\u0259krar\u0259n Z\u0259rdab k\u0259ndind\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vaxtlarda “T\u0259rc\u00fcman” q\u0259zetini abun\u0259 olaraq alar, \u00f6z\u00fc oxuyar v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131na da oxutdurard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u018flim\u0259rdan b\u0259y Top\u00e7uba\u015fovun “Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n mayak\u0131” adl\u0131 xatirat\u0131nda “T\u0259rc\u00fcman” q\u0259zeti il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u0259diyi fkirl\u0259r\u0259 toxunmaq da yerin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rdi. \u018flim\u0259rdan b\u0259y yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259y tez-tez qeyd edirdi ki, Rusiyada t\u00fcrk m\u0259tbuat\u0131n\u0131n tarixi “\u018fkin\u00e7i”d\u0259n ba\u015flan\u0131r v\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y M\u0259likzad\u0259 Z\u0259rdabi d\u0259 bu m\u0259tbuat\u0131n patriarx\u0131d\u0131r. H\u0259m\u00e7inin \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259y H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yi \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fc\u0259llimi adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. Yerin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259r dey\u0259k ki, \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259y Qasp\u0131ral\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n demokratik \u0259hval-ruhiyy\u0259li dair\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 s\u0131x \u0259laq\u0259 saxlay\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 onun q\u0131z\u0131 \u015e\u0259fiq\u0259 xan\u0131m Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin liderl\u0259rind\u0259n biri olan N\u0259sib b\u0259y Yusifb\u0259ylinin \u00f6m\u00fcr-g\u00fcn yolda\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015fdur. Bir halda ki, s\u00f6hb\u0259t “\u018fkin\u00e7i” v\u0259 “T\u0259rc\u00fcman” q\u0259zetl\u0259rind\u0259n, onlar\u0131n redaktorlar\u0131 – H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y v\u0259 \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259yd\u0259n getdi, burada bir m\u0259qama da toxunmaq yerin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rdi. Bu m\u0259qam da \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc xalq\u0131n maarifl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259, milli maraqlar\u0131n ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259, dahi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n az \u00f6yr\u0259nilmi\u015f sah\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 daha bir i\u015f\u0131q sal\u0131nmas\u0131na imkan verir. H\u0259nif\u0259 xan\u0131m M\u0259likovan\u0131n H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin \u015f\u0259xsi v\u0259 ictimai h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n “\u0259lav\u0259 bir \u00e7\u0131ra\u011f\u0131”, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin \u00f6m\u00fcr-g\u00fcn yolda\u015f\u0131 olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, onun maarif\u00e7ilik f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259, “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin i\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259n yax\u0131n k\u00f6m\u0259k\u00e7isi, m\u0259sl\u0259k dostu olmas\u0131, milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ilk qaranqu\u015fu olan h\u0259min q\u0259zetin normal f\u0259alyy\u0259yti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn gec\u0259-g\u00fcnd\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc \u0259sirg\u0259m\u0259diyi he\u00e7 bir dig\u0259r s\u00fcbut t\u0259l\u0259b etmir. Eyni s\u00f6zl\u0259ri m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n f\u0259rql\u0259 “T\u0259rc\u00fcman” q\u0259zetinin redaktoru \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259y Qasp\u0131ral\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 Z\u00f6hr\u0259 xan\u0131m haqq\u0131nda da t\u0259krar etm\u0259k olar. “Qasp\u0131ral\u0131. Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri: roman v\u0259 hekay\u0259l\u0259ri” kitab\u0131nda g\u00f6st\u0259rildiyi kimi, \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259yin h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 Z\u00f6hr\u0259 xan\u0131m v\u0259 Kr\u0131m\u0131n adl\u0131-sanl\u0131, z\u0259ngin b\u0259yl\u0259rind\u0259n birinin q\u0131z\u0131 olan anas\u0131 Fatma xan\u0131m ziyn\u0259t \u015feyl\u0259rinin, h\u0259tta cehiz \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131lmas\u0131na icaz\u0259 verirl\u0259r ki, \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259y “T\u0259rc\u00fcman” q\u0259zeti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259tb\u0259\u0259 yarada bilsin. Z\u00f6hr\u0259 xan\u0131m, el\u0259 bil, eynil\u0259 H\u0259nif\u0259 xan\u0131m kimi, “T\u0259rc\u00fcman” q\u0259zetinin normal f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259yin \u0259n yax\u0131n k\u00f6m\u0259k\u00e7isi, m\u0259sl\u0259kda\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259y Qasp\u0131ral\u0131 v\u0259 Yusif Ak\u00e7ura il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rinin h\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkirin d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fczg\u00fcn qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k b\u0259zi m\u0259qamlar\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 dayanmaq ist\u0259rdim. \u018fvv\u0259la, bu diqq\u0259ti \u00e7\u0259kir ki, Yusif Ak\u00e7ura b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkirl\u0259r v\u0259 maarif\u00e7il\u0259r olaraq H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259y\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck h\u00f6rm\u0259tl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131r. O, “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259y t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirildiyini g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Q\u0259zetin tam komplektinin onun \u015f\u0259xsi kitabxanas\u0131nda saxland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qeyd edir.<\/p>\n

Burada yada salmaq ist\u0259rdim ki, Yusif Ak\u00e7ura \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259yin “Dild\u0259, fikird\u0259, i\u015fd\u0259 birlik” \u015f\u00fcar\u0131n\u0131n H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabid\u0259n qaynaqland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 x\u00fcsusi olaraq n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131r: “Rusiyada 1905-ci il inqilabin ba\u015f verib, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 v\u0259 m\u0259tbuat xeyli h\u00fcriyy\u0259t\u0259 qovu\u015fdu\u011fu zaman \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259y Qasp\u0131ral\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u00fcrk mill\u0259tinin b\u00f6y\u00fck mill\u0259tl\u0259r aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259n h\u0259yat qov\u011fas\u0131nda Z\u0259rdabinin s\u00f6zl\u0259ri il\u0259 “M\u0259\u011flub v\u0259 m\u0259\u011fhur (yenilmi\u015f) v\u0259 nabud (yox olma) olmamas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn tapd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ar\u0259l\u0259rin \u0259saslar\u0131n\u0131 bir prinsip hal\u0131nda “T\u0259rc\u00fcman”\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na \u0259lav\u0259 etdi: “Dild\u0259, fikird\u0259, i\u015fd\u0259 birlik”. “\u018fkin\u00e7i”y\u0259 dair m\u0259lumat\u0131 \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259y Qasp\u0131ral\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u0259xsi kitabxanas\u0131nda m\u00f6vcud olan “\u018fkin\u00e7i” kolleksiyas\u0131ndan ald\u0131m”. Az\u0259rbaycanda maarif\u00e7iliyin, maarif\u00e7ilik m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 maarif\u00e7ilik f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sinin t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131nda “\u018fkin\u00e7i”nin, onun redaktorunun, o d\u00f6vr\u00fcn demokratik ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131q tarix\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f xidm\u0259tl\u0259rinin tam \u0259hat\u0259li t\u0259hlilini bir yaz\u0131da verm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyildir. “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zetinin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn tam m\u0259tnind\u0259 v\u0259 q\u0259zetl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u0259lav\u0259 materiallarda \u00e7ox maraql\u0131 elmi-informatik ideyalar saxlan\u0131lmaqdad\u0131r. \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, oxucular, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n “\u018fkin\u00e7i” v\u0259 Z\u0259rdabi irsinin ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 burada tarix, co\u011frafiya, etnoqrafiya, ekologiya, t\u0259bab\u0259t v\u0259 s. haqq\u0131nda olduqca \u00e7ox qiym\u0259tli elmi informasiya \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r. “\u018fkin\u00e7i”, n\u0259inki burada \u00f6z t\u0259c\u0259ss\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc tapm\u0131\u015f maarif\u00e7ilik m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti v\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259si bax\u0131m\u0131ndan, h\u0259m\u00e7inin o d\u00f6vr\u00fcn, eyni zamanda, sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrl\u0259rin ictimai-siyasi, f\u0259ls\u0259fi, m\u0259n\u0259vi-intellektual m\u00fchitin\u0259, h\u0259m d\u0259 fikrin\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015f oldu\u011fu b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259sir bax\u0131m\u0131ndan qiym\u0259tlidir.<\/p>\n

“\u018fkin\u00e7i”y\u0259 h\u0259sr olunmu\u015f yaz\u0131lar\u0131mdan birini “Yan\u0131b-s\u00f6n\u0259n, yen\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u0259l\u0259 d\u00f6n\u0259n “\u018fkin\u00e7i” adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131m.<\/p>\n

H\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n, “\u018fkin\u00e7i” bir q\u0131\u011f\u0131lc\u0131m idi ki, sonradan ondan alov do\u011fdu. Bu alov is\u0259 he\u00e7 zaman s\u00f6nm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n

\u0130zz\u0259t R\u00dcST\u018fMOV <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Az\u0259rbaycan milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131n\u0131n qazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zetinin ana dilinin safl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qorumaq, geni\u015f oxucu k\u00fctl\u0259si il\u0259 anla\u015f\u0131ql\u0131, ifad\u0259li dild\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fmaq sah\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi n\u00fcmun\u0259 sonrak\u0131 135 ild\u0259 d\u0259 aktual v\u0259 g\u0259r\u0259kli olmu\u015fdur. “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zeti t\u00fcrk-Az\u0259rbaycan dili problemin\u0259 ciddi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t verir v\u0259 onun t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rinin t\u0259bli\u011fin\u0259 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r yer verirdi. S\u00fcbutlar g\u0259tirm\u0259y\u0259 ehtiyac yoxdur ki, “\u018fkin\u00e7i” sad\u0259, anla\u015f\u0131ql\u0131 xalq […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-9485","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-kinci-zrdab-ziyali-qzet-tbitsunas"},"yoast_head":"\n"H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn ax\u0131r\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r saf t\u00fcrkc\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fdar\u0131 olmu\u015fdur" - Z\u0259rdab.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zerdab.com\/?p=9485\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"az_AZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\""H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn ax\u0131r\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r saf t\u00fcrkc\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fdar\u0131 olmu\u015fdur" - Z\u0259rdab.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Az\u0259rbaycan milli m\u0259tbuat\u0131n\u0131n qazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zetinin ana dilinin safl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qorumaq, geni\u015f oxucu k\u00fctl\u0259si il\u0259 anla\u015f\u0131ql\u0131, ifad\u0259li dild\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fmaq sah\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi n\u00fcmun\u0259 sonrak\u0131 135 ild\u0259 d\u0259 aktual v\u0259 g\u0259r\u0259kli olmu\u015fdur. “\u018fkin\u00e7i” q\u0259zeti t\u00fcrk-Az\u0259rbaycan dili problemin\u0259 ciddi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t verir v\u0259 onun t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rinin t\u0259bli\u011fin\u0259 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r yer verirdi. 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